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Outlier detection is an important data mining task with numerous practical applications such as intrusion detection, credit card fraud detection, and video surveillance. However, given a specific complicated task with big data, the process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Yuening Li , Zhengzhang Chen , Daochen Zha , Kaixiong Zhou , Haifeng Jin , Haifeng Chen , Xia Hu

When testing data and training data come from different distributions, deep neural networks (DNNs) will face significant safety risks in practical applications. Therefore, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection techniques, which can identify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Cheng Yang , Yu Hao , Qi Zhang , Chuan Shi

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have exhibited superior performance in various classification tasks on graph-structured data. However, they encounter the potential vulnerability from the link stealing attacks, which can infer the presence of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiadong Lou , Xu Yuan , Rui Zhang , Xingliang Yuan , Neil Gong , Nian-Feng Tzeng

With the emerging of huge amount of unlabeled data, unsupervised out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital for ensuring the reliability of graph neural networks (GNNs) by identifying OOD samples from in-distribution (ID) ones during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yue Hou , He Zhu , Ruomei Liu , Yingke Su , Jinxiang Xia , Junran Wu , Ke Xu

Semi-supervised graph anomaly detection (GAD) has recently received increasing attention, which aims to distinguish anomalous patterns from graphs under the guidance of a moderate amount of labeled data and a large volume of unlabeled data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jiazhen Chen , Sichao Fu , Zheng Ma , Mingbin Feng , Tony S. Wirjanto , Qinmu Peng

Graphs are used widely to model complex systems, and detecting anomalies in a graph is an important task in the analysis of complex systems. Graph anomalies are patterns in a graph that do not conform to normal patterns expected of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Hwan Kim , Byung Suk Lee , Won-Yong Shin , Sungsu Lim

Out-of-distribution (OOD) learning deals with scenarios in which training and test data follow different distributions. Although general OOD problems have been intensively studied in machine learning, graph OOD is only an emerging area of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Limei Wang , Shuiwang Ji

Deep networks often make confident, yet, incorrect, predictions when tested with outlier data that is far removed from their training distributions. Likelihoods computed by deep generative models (DGMs) are a candidate metric for outlier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Kushal Chauhan , Barath Mohan U , Pradeep Shenoy , Manish Gupta , Devarajan Sridharan

With a long history of traditional Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) algorithms and recently popular Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), it is still not clear (1) how they perform under a standard comprehensive setting, (2) whether GNNs can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Jianheng Tang , Fengrui Hua , Ziqi Gao , Peilin Zhao , Jia Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in machine learning, with wide applications in social networks, bioinformatics, knowledge graphs, and other fields. Most research assumes ideal closed-set environments. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yicong Dong , Rundong He , Guangyao Chen , Wentao Zhang , Zhongyi Han , Jieming Shi , Yilong Yin

Unsupervised graph anomaly detection is crucial for various practical applications as it aims to identify anomalies in a graph that exhibit rare patterns deviating significantly from the majority of nodes. Recent advancements have utilized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yuanchen Bei , Sheng Zhou , Qiaoyu Tan , Hao Xu , Hao Chen , Zhao Li , Jiajun Bu

Why is a given node in a time-evolving graph ($t$-graph) marked as an anomaly by an off-the-shelf detection algorithm? Is it because of the number of its outgoing or incoming edges, or their timings? How can we best convince a human analyst…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Nikhil Gupta , Dhivya Eswaran , Neil Shah , Leman Akoglu , Christos Faloutsos

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection poses a significant challenge for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), particularly in open-world scenarios with varying distribution shifts. Most existing OOD detection methods on graphs primarily focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Zhixia He , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Yujie Lin , Dong Li , Qin Tian

The advancement in wireless communication technologies is becoming more demanding and pervasive. One of the fundamental parameters that limit the efficiency of the network are the security challenges. The communication network is vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Misbah Shafi , Rakesh Kumar Jha , Sanjeev Jain

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have garnered intensive attention for Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) due to their suitability for representing the network traffic flows. However, most present GNN-based methods for NIDS are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Renjie Xu , Guangwei Wu , Weiping Wang , Xing Gao , An He , Zhengpeng Zhang

In recent years, multi-view outlier detection (MVOD) methods have advanced significantly, aiming to identify outliers within multi-view datasets. A key point is to better detect class outliers and class-attribute outliers, which only exist…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yijia Wang , Qianqian Xu , Yangbangyan Jiang , Siran Dai , Qingming Huang

In a variety of applications, one desires to detect groups of anomalous data samples, with a group potentially manifesting its atypicality (relative to a reference model) on a low-dimensional subset of the full measured set of features.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-11-04 Zhicong Qiu , David J. Miller , George Kesidis

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) aims to identify nodes that deviate from normal patterns in structure or features. While recent GNN-based approaches have advanced this task, they struggle with two major challenges: 1) homophily disparity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yunhui Liu , Qizhuo Xie , Yinfeng Chen , Xudong Jin , Tao Zheng , Bin Chong , Tieke He

Outlier detection is widely used in practice to track the anomaly on incremental datasets such as network traffic and system logs. However, these datasets often involve sensitive information, and sharing the data to third parties for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Shangqi Lai , Xingliang Yuan , Amin Sakzad , Mahsa Salehi , Joseph K. Liu , Dongxi Liu

Sovereign network functions, e.g., routing protocols, are becoming increasingly complex and susceptible to failures arising from protocol configuration anomalies and anomalous configurations. This paper interprets the protocol configuration…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xin Hao , Wei Ni , Chenhan Zhang , Massimo Piccardi , Raymond Owen