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With the development of large-scale models, traditional distributed bilevel optimization algorithms cannot be applied directly in low-resource clients. The key reason lies in the excessive computation involved in optimizing both the lower-…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Mingyi Li , Xiao Zhang , Ruisheng Zheng , Hongjian Shi , Yuan Yuan , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

Bilevel optimization is a hierarchical framework where an upper-level optimization problem is constrained by a lower-level problem, commonly used in machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization. Existing bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yuman Wu , Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Bilevel Optimization has witnessed notable progress recently with new emerging efficient algorithms and has been applied to many machine learning tasks such as data cleaning, few-shot learning, and neural architecture search. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Junyi Li , Feihu Huang , Heng Huang

In this paper, we propose a distributed stochastic second-order proximal method that enables agents in a network to cooperatively minimize the sum of their local loss functions without any centralized coordination. The proposed algorithm,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Chenyang Qiu , Shanying Zhu , Zichong Ou , Jie Lu

Bilevel optimization is a popular hierarchical model in machine learning, and has been widely applied to many machine learning tasks such as meta learning, hyperparameter learning and policy optimization. Although many bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Feihu Huang

Bilevel optimization has arisen as a powerful tool for many machine learning problems such as meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and reinforcement learning. In this paper, we investigate the nonconvex-strongly-convex bilevel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Kaiyi Ji , Junjie Yang , Yingbin Liang

We present differentially private (DP) algorithms for bilevel optimization, a problem class that received significant attention lately in various machine learning applications. These are the first algorithms for such problems under standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Guy Kornowski

Bilevel optimization has recently attracted significant attention in machine learning due to its wide range of applications and advanced hierarchical optimization capabilities. In this paper, we propose a plug-and-play framework, named…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Tianshu Chu , Dachuan Xu , Wei Yao , Chengming Yu , Jin Zhang

Bilevel Optimization Programming is used to model complex and conflicting interactions between agents, for example in Robust AI or Privacy-preserving AI. Integrating bilevel mathematical programming within deep learning is thus an essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Francesco Alesiani

Constrained bilevel optimization tackles nested structures present in constrained learning tasks like constrained meta-learning, adversarial learning, and distributed bilevel optimization. However, existing bilevel optimization methods…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Wei Yao , Haian Yin , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

Differentiable optimization layers enable learning systems to make decisions by solving embedded optimization problems. However, computing gradients via implicit differentiation requires solving a linear system with Hessian terms, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Zihao Zhao , Kai-Chia Mo , Shing-Hei Ho , Brandon Amos , Kai Wang

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a promising approach for hyperparameter optimization of deep neural networks (DNNs), where each model training can take minutes to hours. In BO, a computationally cheap surrogate model is employed to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Romain Egele , Isabelle Guyon , Venkatram Vishwanath , Prasanna Balaprakash

Bilevel optimization (BO) has recently gained prominence in many machine learning applications due to its ability to capture the nested structure inherent in these problems. Recently, many hypergradient methods have been proposed as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Wanli Shi , Yi Chang , Bin Gu

We consider the decentralized convex optimization problem, where multiple agents must cooperatively minimize a cumulative objective function, with each local function expressible as an empirical average of data-dependent losses.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Ketan Rajawat , Chirag Kumar

This paper considers distributed optimization problems, where each agent cooperatively minimizes the sum of local objective functions through the communication with its neighbors. The widely adopted distributed gradient method in solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Yeming Xu , Ziyuan Guo , Kaihong Lu , Huanshui Zhang

We consider stochastic unconstrained bilevel optimization problems when only the first-order gradient oracles are available. While numerous optimization methods have been proposed for tackling bilevel problems, existing methods either tend…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Jeongyeol Kwon , Dohyun Kwon , Stephen Wright , Robert Nowak

Multi-level optimization has gained increasing attention in recent years, as it provides a powerful framework for solving complex optimization problems that arise in many fields, such as meta-learning, multi-player games, reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Shuoguang Yang , Xuezhou Zhang , Mengdi Wang

Decentralized learning has emerged as a powerful approach for handling large datasets across multiple machines in a communication-efficient manner. However, such methods often face scalability limitations, as increasing the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ofri Eisen , Ron Dorfman , Kfir Y. Levy

Decentralized optimization algorithms have attracted intensive interests recently, as it has a balanced communication pattern, especially when solving large-scale machine learning problems. Stochastic Path Integrated Differential Estimator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Taoxing Pan , Jun Liu , Jie Wang

In this paper, we propose several new stochastic second-order algorithms for policy optimization that only require gradient and Hessian-vector product in each iteration, making them computationally efficient and comparable to policy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Jinsong Liu , Chenghan Xie , Qi Deng , Dongdong Ge , Yinyu Ye