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While Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMC) provide a general framework to sample from a probability distribution defined up to normalization, they often suffer from slow convergence to the target distribution when the latter is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a method for learning a stochastic policy for generating compositional objects, such as graphs or strings, from a given unnormalized density by sequences of actions, where many possible action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Nikolay Malkin , Moksh Jain , Emmanuel Bengio , Chen Sun , Yoshua Bengio

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets), as an emerging technique, can be used as an alternative to reinforcement learning for exploratory control tasks. GFlowNet aims to generate distribution proportional to the rewards over terminating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yinchuan Li , Shuang Luo , Haozhi Wang , Jianye Hao

Many modern deep learning applications require balancing multiple objectives that are often conflicting. Examples include multi-task learning, fairness-aware learning, and the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs). This leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Weiyu Chen , Baijiong Lin , Xiaoyuan Zhang , Xi Lin , Han Zhao , Qingfu Zhang , James T. Kwok

Multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOPs), one type of complex optimization problems, widely exist in various real applications. Although meta-heuristics have been successfully applied to address MOCOPs, the calculation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Le-yang Gao , Rui Wang , Chuang Liu , Zhao-hong Jia

GFlowNets have exhibited promising performance in generating diverse candidates with high rewards. These networks generate objects incrementally and aim to learn a policy that assigns probability of sampling objects in proportion to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 George Ma , Emmanuel Bengio , Yoshua Bengio , Dinghuai Zhang

Recent research into solving vehicle routing problems (VRPs) has gained significant traction, particularly through the application of deep (reinforcement) learning for end-to-end solution construction. However, many current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ni Zhang , Jingfeng Yang , Zhiguang Cao , Xu Chi

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are amortized variational inference algorithms that treat sampling from a distribution over compositional objects as a sequential decision-making problem with a learnable action policy. Unlike other…

Mathematical reasoning problems are among the most challenging, as they typically require an understanding of fundamental laws to solve. The laws are universal, but the derivation of the final answer changes depending on how a problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Ryoichi Takase , Masaya Tsunokake , Yuta Tsuchiya , Shota Inuzuka

Generative Flow Networks (GFNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for sampling discrete objects from unnormalized distributions, offering a scalable alternative to Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. While GFNs draw inspiration from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Sobhan Mohammadpour , Emmanuel Bengio , Emma Frejinger , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a family of algorithms for training a sequential sampler of discrete objects under an unnormalized target density and have been successfully used for various probabilistic modeling tasks. Existing…

Multi-objective learning endeavors to concurrently optimize multiple objectives using a single model, aiming to achieve high and balanced performance across diverse objectives. However, this often entails a more complex optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Shijun Li , Hilaf Hasson , Jing Hu , Joydeep Ghosh

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) treat sampling from distributions over compositional discrete spaces as a sequential decision-making problem, training a stochastic policy to construct objects step by step. Recent studies have revealed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Nikita Morozov , Daniil Tiapkin , Sergey Samsonov , Alexey Naumov , Dmitry Vetrov

In this work, we consider the radio resource allocation problem in a wireless system with various integrated functionalities, such as communication, sensing and computing. We design suitable resource management techniques that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Charbel Bou Chaaya , Mehdi Bennis

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are powerful samplers for compositional objects that, by design, sample proportionally to a given non-negative reward. Nonetheless, in practice, they often struggle to explore the reward landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Pedro Dall'Antonia , Tiago da Silva , Daniel Augusto de Souza , César Lincoln C. Mattos , Diego Mesquita

Multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs) are prevalent in machine learning, with applications in multi-task learning, learning under fairness or robustness constraints, etc. Instead of reducing multiple objective functions into a scalar…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Xiaoyuan Zhang , Liang Zhao , Yingying Yu , Xi Lin , Yifan Chen , Han Zhao , Qingfu Zhang

This paper proposes a novel dynamical system called the Multiobjective Balanced Gradient Flow (MBGF), offering a dynamical perspective for normalized gradient methods in a class of multi-objective optimization problems. Under certain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Yingdong Yin

Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) is very difficult for expensive functions because most current MOO methods rely on a large number of function evaluations to get an accurate solution. We address this problem with surrogate approximation…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Taimoor Akhtar , Christine A. Shoemaker

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a new family of probabilistic samplers where an agent learns a stochastic policy for generating complex combinatorial structure through a series of decision-making steps. Despite being inspired from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Dinghuai Zhang , Ling Pan , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have recently emerged as a suitable framework for generating diverse and high-quality molecular structures by learning from rewards treated as unnormalized distributions. Previous works in this framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mohit Pandey , Gopeshh Subbaraj , Artem Cherkasov , Martin Ester , Emmanuel Bengio