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In order to detect the quantum nature of gravity, the quantum gravity induced entanglement of masses(QGEM) has been proposed both in flat and curved spacetime. In this paper we propose an analogous QGEM protocol using photons produced in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-27 Chi Zhang

Detecting gravity mediated entanglement can provide evidence that the gravitational field obeys quantum mechanics. We report the result of a simulation of the phenomenon using a photonic platform. The simulation tests the idea of probing…

All existing quantum gravity proposals share the same deep problem. Their predictions are extremely hard to test in practice. Quantum effects in the gravitational field are exceptionally small, unlike those in the electromagnetic field. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-20 Chiara Marletto , Vlatko Vedral

Observable signatures of the quantum nature of gravity at low energies have recently emerged as a promising new research field. One prominent avenue is to test for gravitationally induced entanglement between two mesoscopic masses prepared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-16 Vasileios Fragkos , Michael Kopp , Igor Pikovski

Protocols for observing gravity induced entanglement typically comprise the interaction of two particles prepared either in a superposition of two discrete paths, or in a continuously delocalized (harmonic oscillator) state of motion. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-14 Ofek Bengyat , Andrea Di Biagio , Markus Aspelmeyer , Marios Christodoulou

An experimental test of quantum effects in gravity has recently been proposed, where the ability of the gravitational field to entangle two masses is used as a witness of its quantum nature. The key idea is that if gravity can generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Chiara Marletto , Vlatko Vedral

Observation of gravitationally induced quantum entanglement is often interpreted as a direct evidence of non-classical gravity. While the form and the degree of non-classicality have been rigorously studied from a foundational perspective,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Samuel Schlegel , Ankit Kumar , Tomasz Paterek , Borivoje Dakić

The paper presents a scheme to detect entanglement arising from the quantum nature of gravity between a spin qubit and photons, using Stokes parameters. One of the crucial tests of the general theory of relativity is the bending of light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Arijit Dutta , Marko Toroš , Sougato Bose , Anupam Mazumdar

Due to the weakness of gravitational coupling, all quantum experiments up to date in which gravity plays a role utilized the field of the Earth. Since this field undergoes practically undetectable back-action from quantum particles, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Ankit Kumar

We propose an experiment to test the non-classicality of the gravitational interaction. We consider two optomechanical systems that are perfectly isolated, except for a weak gravitational coupling. If a suitable resonance condition is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Andrea Mari , Stefano Zippilli , David Vitali

The role of entanglement in determining the non-classicality of a given interaction has gained significant traction over the last few years. In particular, as the basis for new experimental proposals to test the quantum nature of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 A. Douglas K. Plato , Dennis Rätzel , Chuanqi Wan

No experiment to date has provided evidence for quantum features of the gravitational interaction. Recently proposed tests suggest looking for the generation of quantum entanglement between massive objects as a possible route towards the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-31 Tanjung Krisnanda , Guo Yao Tham , Mauro Paternostro , Tomasz Paterek

The deflection of light in the gravitational field of the Sun is one of the most fundamental consequences for general relativity as well as one of its classical tests first performed by Eddington a century ago. However, despite its center…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-13 Dripto Biswas , Sougato Bose , Anupam Mazumdar , Marko Toroš

Understanding gravity in the framework of quantum mechanics is one of the great challenges in modern physics. Along this line, a prime question is to find whether gravity is a quantum entity subject to the rules of quantum mechanics. It is…

The purpose of this study is to calculate the entanglement measure for a bipartite system where the two subsystems interact via a central potential, and more importantly, to analyze the conceptual implication in the case of gravitational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-16 Jianhao M. Yang

Experimental proposals for testing quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) typically involve two interacting masses which are each in a spatial superposition state. Here, we propose instead a QGEM experiment with two particles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Gerard Higgins , Andrea Di Biagio , Marios Christodoulou

The current interest in laboratory detection of entanglement mediated by gravity was sparked by an information--theoretic argument: entanglement mediated by a local field certifies that the field is not classical. Previous derivations of…

The detection of entanglement provides a definitive proof of quantumness. Its ascertainment might be challenging for hot or macroscopic objects, where entanglement is typically weak, but nevertheless present. Here we propose a platform for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Tanjung Krisnanda , Tomasz Paterek , Mauro Paternostro , Timothy C. H. Liew

We consider the coupling of quantum fields to classical gravity in the formalism of ensembles on configuration space, a model that allows a consistent formulation of interacting classical and quantum systems. Explicit calculations show that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-19 Marcel Reginatto , Michael J. W. Hall

General relativity as a classical field theory does not predict gravitationally induced entanglement, as such, recent proposals seek an empirical demonstration of this feature which would represent a significant milestone for physics. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 Hadrien Chevalier , A. J. Paige , M. S. Kim
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