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Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead is the main hurdle for reaping the above gain in practice.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Rui Wang , Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is considered as a revolutionary technology for future wireless communication networks. In this letter, we consider the acquisition of the cascaded channels, which is a challenging task due to the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-17 Shunbo Zhang , Shun Zhang , Feifei Gao , Jianpeng Ma , Octavia A. Dobre

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a promising technology to enhance the performance of sixth-generation (6G) and beyond communication systems. The passive nature of RISs and their large number of reflecting elements…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Nipuni Ginige , Arthur Sousa de Sena , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

Deploying multiple beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) can potentially improve the communication performance thanks to inter-element connections of each BD-RIS and inter-surface cooperative beamforming gain among…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Liang Liu

Channel estimation is challenging for the reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS) assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. Since the number of coefficients of the cascaded channels in such systems is closely dependent on the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Yushan Liu , Shun Zhang , Feifei Gao , Jie Tang , Octavia A. Dobre

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), massive machine-type communication has become a promising application scenario, where a large number of devices transmit sporadically to a base station (BS). Reconfigurable intelligent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Shuhao Xia , Yuanming Shi , Yong Zhou , Xiaojun Yuan

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are passive controllable arrays of small reflectors that direct electromagnetic energy towards or away from the target nodes, thereby allowing better management of signals and interference in a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Bharath Shamasundar , Negar Daryanavardan , Aria Nosratinia

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) panels are envisioned as a key technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, providing a cost-effective means to enhance coverage and spectral efficiency. A critical challenge is the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Saifur Rahman , Syed Luqman Shah , Salman Khan , Jalal Khan , Muhammad Irfan , Maaz Shafi , Said Muhammad , Fazal Muhammad , Mohammad Shahed Akond

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have been recently considered as an energy-efficient solution for future wireless networks due to their fast and low-power configuration, which has increased potential in enabling massive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Li Wei , Chongwen Huang , George C. Alexandropoulos , Chau Yuen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Mérouane Debbah

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been introduced as a remedy for mitigating frequent blockages in millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication networks. However, perfect or nearly perfect…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Rafaela Schroeder , Jiguang He , Markku Juntti

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) constitutes an essential and promising paradigm that relies programmable wireless environment and provides capability for space-intensive communications, due to the use of low-cost massive reflecting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Yu Jin , Jiayi Zhang , Chongwen Huang , Liang Yang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Zhiqin Wang

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) consist of many passive elements of metamaterials whose impedance can be controllable to change the characteristics of wireless signals impinging on them. Channel estimation is a critical task when…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is very promising for wireless networks to achieve high energy efficiency, extended coverage, improved capacity, massive connectivity, etc. To unleash the full potentials of RIS-aided communications,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Yabo Guo , Peng Sun , Zhengdao Yuan , Chongwen Huang , Qinghua Guo , Zhongyong Wang , Chau Yuen

To achieve the more promising passive beamforming gains in the double-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted system over the conventional single-IRS system, channel estimation is practically indispensable but also a more challenging…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Beixiong Zheng , Changsheng You , Rui Zhang

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) refers to a family of RIS architectures characterized by scattering matrices not limited to being diagonal and enables higher wave manipulation flexibility and large performance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Rui Wang , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Channel estimation in the RIS-aided massive multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) wireless communication systems is challenging due to the passive feature of RIS and the large number of reflecting elements that incur high channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Gui Zhou , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Petar Popovski , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Recent research has focused on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted cell-free systems with the goal of enhancing coverage and lowering the cost of cell-free networks. However, current research makes the assumption that the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Songjie Yang , Chenfei Xie , Mingwei Wang , Zhongpei Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a candidate technology for future wireless networks. It enables to shape the wireless environment to reach massive connectivity and enhanced data rate. The promising gains of RIS-assisted networks…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-09 Paulo R. B. Gomes , Gilderlan T. de Araújo , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida , Behrooz Makki , Gábor Fodor

In this paper, we consider an reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink system.In the FDD systems, the downlink channel state information (CSI)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-20 Zhangjie Peng , Zhaotian Li , Ruijing Liu , Cunhua Pan , Feiniu Yuan , Jiangzhou Wang

Inspired by the remarkable learning and prediction performance of deep neural networks (DNNs), we apply one special type of DNN framework, known as model-driven deep unfolding neural network, to reconfigurable intelligent surface…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-06 Jiguang He , Henk Wymeersch , Marco Di Renzo , Markku Juntti