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One of the leading issues in quantum field theory and cosmology is the mismatch between the observed and calculated values for the cosmological constant in Einstein's field equations of up to 120 orders of magnitude. In this paper, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-21 Michael Bishop , Peter Martin , Douglas Singleton

The current status of the recent developments of the second-order gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory is reviewed. To show the essence of this perturbation theory, we concentrate only on the universe filled with a single scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-24 Kouji Nakamura

We investigate the gauge symmetry and gauge fixing dependence properties of the effective average action for quantum gravity models of general form. Using the background field formalism and the standard BRST-based arguments, one can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-11 Vítor F. Barra , Peter M. Lavrov , Eduardo Antonio dos Reis , Tibério de Paula Netto , Ilya L. Shapiro

The current status of the recent developments of the second-order gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory is reviewed. To show the essence of this perturbation theory, we concentrate only on the universe filled with a single scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-05 Kouji Nakamura

We reconsider perturbative unitarity in quantum field theory and upgrade several arguments and results. The minimum assumptions that lead to the largest time equation, the cutting equations and the unitarity equation are identified. Using…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-27 Damiano Anselmi

Using stochastic quantization method we derive gauge-invariant equations, connecting multilocal vacuum correlators of nonperturbative field configurations immersed into the quantum background. Three alternative methods of stochastic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 D. V. Antonov

This chapter provides an introduction to Unimodular Gravity both at the classical and quantum level, discussing the r\^ole it might play in the partial solution of the Cosmological Constant problem. The main objective of this work is to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-24 Enrique Álvarez , Eduardo Velasco-Aja

In this review, we summarize the main ideas of perturbative algebraic quantum field theory, which is a rigorous framework combining some of the Haag-Kastler axioms with perturbative methods involving formal power series. It allows for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Romeo Brunetti , Klaus Fredenhagen , Kasia Rejzner

At the beginning of the previous century, Newtonian mechanics fell victim to two new revolutionary theories, Quantum Mechanics (QM) and General Relativity (GR). Both theories have transformed our view of physical phenomena, with QM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-22 Richard Howl , Lucia Hackermuller , David Edward Bruschi , Ivette Fuentes

We consider perturbative quantum field theory in the causal framework. Gauge invariance is, in this framework, an identity involving chronological products of the interaction Lagrangian; it express the fact that the scattering matrix must…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-13 Dan-Radu Grigore

We present a bird's-eye survey on the development of fundamental ideas of quantum gravity, placing emphasis on perturbative approaches, string theory, loop quantum gravity, and black hole thermodynamics. The early ideas at the dawn of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-03 Steven Carlip , Dah-Wei Chiou , Wei-Tou Ni , Richard Woodard

We analyze the problem of general covariance for quantum gravity theories in the background field formalism with respect to gauge fixing procedure. We prove that the background effective action is not invariant under general coordinate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-12-11 Peter M. Lavrov

Loop quantum gravity is a mature theory. To proceed to explicit calculations in cosmology, it is necessary to make assumptions and simplifications based on the symmetries of the cosmological setting. Symmetry reduction is especially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-03 Aurélien Barrau , Boris Bolliet

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Marco Bruni , Sabino Matarrese , Silvia Mollerach , Sebastiano Sonego

We argue that a conformally invariant extension of general relativity coupled to the Standard Model is the fundamental theory that needs to be quantized. We show that it can be treated by loop quantum gravity techniques. Through a gauge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-24 Miguel Campiglia , Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin

A general introduction is given to what can be predicated about quantum gravity once the lessons from the standard model of particle physics are taken into account. In particular, the effective lagrangian point of view is briefly commented…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-28 Enrique Alvarez

We outline, test, and apply a new scheme for nonpertubative analyses of quantized field systems in contact with dynamical gravity. While gravity is treated classically in the present paper, the approach lends itself for a generalization to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-30 Maximilian Becker , Martin Reuter

In this paper we lay the foundations of causal quantum gravity (CQG), i.e. of a quantum theory of self-interacting symmetric massless rank-2 tensor gauge fields, the gravitons, on flat space-time, in the framework of causal perturbation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicola Grillo

This article provides a cartoon of the quantization of General Relativity using the ideas of effective field theory. These ideas underpin the use of General Relativity as a theory from which precise predictions are possible, since they show…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 C. P. Burgess

We look at the various aspects of treating general relativity as a quantum theory. It is briefly studied how to consistently quantize general relativity as an effective field theory. A key achievement here is the long-range low-energy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Niels Emil Jannik Bjerrum-Bohr