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Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a powerful modeling formalism for combinatorial problems. However, writing ASP models is not trivial. We propose a novel method, called Sketched Answer Set Programming (SkASP), aiming at supporting the user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Sergey Paramonov , Christian Bessiere , Anton Dries , Luc De Raedt

Large language models (LLMs) represented by GPT family have achieved remarkable success. The characteristics of LLMs lie in their ability to accommodate a wide range of tasks through a generative approach. However, the flexibility of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Xin Jiang , Xiang Li , Wenjia Ma , Xuezhi Fang , Yiqun Yao , Naitong Yu , Xuying Meng , Peng Han , Jing Li , Aixin Sun , Yequan Wang

In AI-rich higher education, polished written mathematics has become easier to produce than trustworthy evidence of understanding. This article develops a human-scale methodology for service mathematics, with informatics as its main running…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Siniša Miličić

Autoformalization aims to produce formal statements that compile and faithfully preserve the intended meaning of informal mathematics. Yet standard single-output evaluation protocols collapse a many-to-many problem into a single-output…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haijian Lu , Wei Wang , Jing Liu

Interactive theorem provers have been used extensively to reason about various software/hardware systems and mathematical theorems. The key challenge when using an interactive prover is finding a suitable sequence of proof steps that will…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-15 Thomas Gransden , Neil Walkinshaw , Rajeev Raman

We propose a novel image-to-pencil translation method that could not only generate high-quality pencil sketches but also offer the drawing process. Existing pencil sketch algorithms are based on texture rendering rather than the direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Zhengyan Tong , Xuanhong Chen , Bingbing Ni , Xiaohang Wang

Training models through self-play alone (without any human data) has been a longstanding goal in AI, but its effectiveness for training large language models remains unclear, particularly in code generation where rewards based on unit tests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Alex Wilf , Pranjal Aggarwal , Bryan Parno , Daniel Fried , Louis-Philippe Morency , Paul Pu Liang , Sean Welleck

Sketching, a dimensionality reduction technique, has received much attention in the statistics community. In this paper, we study sketching in the context of Newton's method for solving finite-sum optimization problems in which the number…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-03 Albert S. Berahas , Raghu Bollapragada , Jorge Nocedal

The method of training language models based on domain datasets has obtained significant achievements in the task of generating scientific paper abstracts. However, such models face problems of generalization and expensive training costs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Xinyu Ning , Yutong Zhao , Yitong Liu , Hongwen Yang

Mathematical text is written using a combination of words and mathematical expressions. This combination, along with a specific way of structuring sentences makes it challenging for state-of-art NLP tools to understand and reason on top of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Deborah Ferreira , Andre Freitas

Symbolic Execution is a formal method that can be used to verify the behavior of computer programs and detect software vulnerabilities. Compared to other testing methods such as fuzzing, Symbolic Execution has the advantage of providing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Christopher Scherb , Luc Bryan Heitz , Hermann Grieder , Olivier Mattmann

The demand for synthetic data in mathematical reasoning has increased due to its potential to enhance the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, ensuring the validity of intermediate reasoning steps remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Giwon Hong , Wenda Li , Shay B. Cohen

Structural proof theory is praised for being a symbolic approach to reasoning and proofs, in which one can define schemas for reasoning steps and manipulate proofs as a mathematical structure. For this to be possible, proof systems must be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Giselle Reis

The ML community is rapidly exploring techniques for prompting language models (LMs) and for stacking them into pipelines that solve complex tasks. Unfortunately, existing LM pipelines are typically implemented using hard-coded "prompt…

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) represents a core research direction in artificial intelligence for achieving formal reasoning and verification, playing a significant role in advancing machine intelligence. However, current large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sirui Li , Wangyue Lu , Xiaorui Shi , Ke Weng , Haozhe Sun , Minghe Yu , Tiancheng Zhang , Ge Yu , Hengyu Liu , Lun Du

The introduction of automated deduction systems in secondary schools face several bottlenecks. Beyond the problems related with the curricula and the teachers, the dissonance between the outcomes of the geometry automated theorem provers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Joana Teles , Vanda Santos , Pedro Quaresma

Mechanized theorem proving is becoming the basis of reliable systems programming and rigorous mathematics. Despite decades of progress in proof automation, writing mechanized proofs still requires engineers' expertise and remains labor…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Yutaka Nagashima

Humans have long relied on visual aids like sketches and diagrams to support reasoning and problem-solving. Visual tools, like auxiliary lines in geometry or graphs in calculus, are essential for understanding complex ideas. However, many…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Steven-Shine Chen , Jimin Lee , Paul Pu Liang

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a smaller model to draft future tokens, which are then verified by the target LLM. This preserves generation quality by accepting only aligned tokens.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Taehyeon Kim , Hojung Jung , Se-Young Yun

Autoregressive (AR) decoding is a major latency bottleneck for large language models. Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates AR by letting a drafter propose multi-token blocks that a verifier accepts or rejects. However, many SD systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Shrenik Bhansali , Larry Heck