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Adversarial attacks are a type of attack on machine learning models where an attacker deliberately modifies the inputs to cause the model to make incorrect predictions. Adversarial attacks can have serious consequences, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Prathyusha Devabhakthini , Sasmita Parida , Raj Mani Shukla , Suvendu Chandan Nayak , Tapadhir Das

Natural Language Processing (NLP) models are used for text-related tasks such as classification and generation. To complete these tasks, input data is first tokenized from human-readable text into a format the model can understand, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kasimir Schulz , Kenneth Yeung , Kieran Evans

We introduce a grey-box adversarial attack and defence framework for sentiment classification. We address the issues of differentiability, label preservation and input reconstruction for adversarial attack and defence in one unified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Ying Xu , Xu Zhong , Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Jey Han Lau

This document describes our approach to building an Offensive Language Classifier. More specifically, the OffensEval 2019 competition required us to build three classifiers with slightly different goals: - Offensive language identification:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Silvia Sapora , Bogdan Lazarescu , Christo Lolov

Several years of research have shown that machine-learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples, both in theory and in practice. Until now, such attacks have primarily targeted visual models, exploiting the gap between human and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nicholas Boucher , Ilia Shumailov , Ross Anderson , Nicolas Papernot

Backdoor attacks on text classifiers can cause them to predict a predefined label when a particular "trigger" is present. Prior attacks often rely on triggers that are ungrammatical or otherwise unusual, leading to conspicuous attacks. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Wencong You , Daniel Lowd

Clean-label (CL) attack is a form of data poisoning attack where an adversary modifies only the textual input of the training data, without requiring access to the labeling function. CL attacks are relatively unexplored in NLP, as compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ashim Gupta , Amrith Krishna

In targeted adversarial attacks on vision models, the selection of the target label is a critical yet often overlooked determinant of attack success. This target label corresponds to the class that the attacker aims to force the model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Katarzyna Filus , Jorge M. Cruz-Duarte

A great variety of text tasks such as topic or spam identification, user profiling, and sentiment analysis can be posed as a supervised learning problem and tackle using a text classifier. A text classifier consists of several subprocesses,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Eric S. Tellez , Daniela Moctezuma , Sabino Miranda-Jímenez , Mario Graff

Generating high-quality textual adversarial examples is critical for investigating the pitfalls of natural language processing (NLP) models and further promoting their robustness. Existing attacks are usually realized through word-level or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yibin Lei , Yu Cao , Dianqi Li , Tianyi Zhou , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy

We propose algorithms to create adversarial attacks to assess model robustness in text classification problems. They can be used to create white box attacks and black box attacks while at the same time preserving the semantics and syntax of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Rahul Singh , Tarun Joshi , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

Most state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. As a consequence, adversarial robustness poses a significant challenge for the deployment of ML-based systems in safety- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Felix Assion , Peter Schlicht , Florens Greßner , Wiebke Günther , Fabian Hüger , Nico Schmidt , Umair Rasheed

With the development of large language models (LLMs), detecting whether text is generated by a machine becomes increasingly challenging in the face of malicious use cases like the spread of false information, protection of intellectual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

Text classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial examples -- correctly-classified examples that are deliberately transformed to be misclassified while satisfying acceptability constraints. The conventional approach to finding adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Tom Roth , Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Alsharif Abuadbba , Massimo Piccardi

Programming assistants powered by large language models have improved dramatically, yet existing benchmarks still evaluate them in narrow code-generation settings. Recent efforts such as InfiBench and StackEval rely on Stack Overflow…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Myeongsoo Kim , Shweta Garg , Baishakhi Ray , Varun Kumar , Anoop Deoras

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attack despite their tremendous success in many AI fields. Adversarial attack is a method that causes the intended misclassfication by adding imperceptible perturbations to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Huy Phan , Yi Xie , Siyu Liao , Jie Chen , Bo Yuan

Black-box hard-label adversarial attack on text is a practical and challenging task, as the text data space is inherently discrete and non-differentiable, and only the predicted label is accessible. Research on this problem is still in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Han Liu , Zhi Xu , Xiaotong Zhang , Feng Zhang , Fenglong Ma , Hongyang Chen , Hong Yu , Xianchao Zhang

Many real-world applications of image recognition require multi-label learning, whose goal is to find all labels in an image. Thus, robustness of such systems to adversarial image perturbations is extremely important. However, despite a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Hassan Mahmood , Ehsan Elhamifar

Understanding the attack patterns associated with a cyberattack is crucial for comprehending the attacker's behaviors and implementing the right mitigation measures. However, majority of the information regarding new attacks is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Weiqiu You , Youngja Park

Compared to single-target adversarial attacks, multi-target attacks have garnered significant attention due to their ability to generate adversarial images for multiple target classes simultaneously. However, existing generative approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Hangyu Liu , Bo Peng , Pengxiang Ding , Donglin Wang