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Multilayer Extreme Learning Machine (ML-ELM) and its variants have proven to be an effective technique for the classification of different natural signals such as audio, video, acoustic and images. In this paper, a Hybrid Multilayer Extreme…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Rolando A. Hernandez-Hernandez , Adrian Rubio-Solis

We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5--11 campaign. The observations were carried…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-16 The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

Light passing near a black hole can follow multiple paths from an emission source to an observer due to strong gravitational lensing. Photons following different paths take different amounts of time to reach the observer, which produces an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-25 George N. Wong , Lia Medeiros , Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño , James M Stone

The impressive images from the Event Horizon Telescope sharpen the conflict between our observations of gravitational phenomena and the principles of quantum mechanics. Two related scenarios for reconciling quantum mechanics with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-18 Steven B. Giddings

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration observed ring images called the shadows of M87* and Sagittarius~A* (Sgr~A*), which are supermassive objects in M87 and our galaxy, respectively, and their general relativistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-04 Naoki Tsukamoto , Ryotaro Kase

Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological processes. Conventional scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product (SBP). Emerging…

Photon rings near the edge of a black hole shadow is supposed to be a unique tool to validate general relativity and provide reliable measurements of principal black hole parameters: spin and mass. Such measurements are possible though only…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-06 A. Andrianov , S. Chernov , I. Girin , S. Likhachev , A. Lyakhovets , Yu. Shchekinov

The observable quantities that carry the most information regarding the structures of the images of black holes in the interferometric observations with the Event Horizon Telescope are the closure phases along different baseline triangles.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-26 Lia Medeiros , Chi-kwan Chan , Feryal Özel , Dimitrios Psaltis , Junhan Kim , Daniel Marrone , Aleksander Sądowski

In this work, we study how to infer the orbit of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) by time-dependent measurements with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), such as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Assuming a point-like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-14 Yun Fang , Huan Yang

The 2017 observing campaign of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) delivered the first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images at the observing frequency of 230 GHz, leading to a number of unique studies on black holes and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-02 Jan Röder , Maciek Wielgus , Andrei P. Lobanov , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Dhanya G. Nair , Sang-Sung Lee , Eduardo Ros , Vincent L. Fish , Lindy Blackburn , Chi-kwan Chan , Sara Issaoun , Michael Janssen , Michael D. Johnson , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Geoffrey B. Crew , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Tuomas Savolainen , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Antxon Alberdi , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , José L. Gómez , Ru-Sen Lu , Georgios F. Paraschos , Efthalia Traianou , Ciriaco Goddi , Daewon Kim , Mikhail Lisakov , Yuri Y. Kovalev , Petr A. Voitsik , Kirill V. Sokolovsky , Kazunori Akiyama , Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Uwe Bach , David Ball , Mislav Baloković , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , John Barrett , Michi Bauböck , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Raymond Blundell , Katherine L. Bouman , Michael Bremer , Christiaan D. Brinkerink , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Avery E. Broderick , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Sandra Bustamante , Do-Young Byun , John E. Carlstrom , Chiara Ceccobello , Andrew Chael , Dominic O. Chang , Koushik Chatterjee , Shami Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Xiaopeng Cheng , Ilje Cho , Pierre Christian , Nicholas S. Conroy , John E. Conway , James M. Cordes , Thomas M. Crawford , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Brandon Curd , Rohan Dahale , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , Gregory Desvignes , Jason Dexter , Vedant Dhruv , Indu K. Dihingia , Sean Taylor Dougall , Sergio A. Dzib , Ralph P. Eatough , Razieh Emami , Heino Falcke , Joseph Farah , Edward Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Marianna Foschi , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , William T. Freeman , Per Friberg , Christian M. Fromm , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Boris Georgiev , Roman Gold , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Kari Haworth , Michael H. Hecht , Ronald Hesper , Dirk Heumann , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , Makoto Inoue , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales , Svetlana Jorstad , Abhishek V. Joshi , Taehyun Jung , Mansour Karami , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Prashant Kocherlakota , Yutaro Kofuji , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Joana A. Kramer , Michael Kramer , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Noemi La Bella , Tod R. Lauer , Daeyoung Lee , Po Kin Leung , Aviad Levis , Zhiyuan Li , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Michael Lindqvist , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Laurent Loinard , Colin J. Lonsdale , Amy E. Lowitz , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Iván Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Daniel Michalik , Izumi Mizuno , Yosuke Mizuno , James M. Moran , Kotaro Moriyama , Monika Moscibrodzka , Wanga Mulaudzi , Cornelia Müller , Hendrik Müller , Alejandro Mus , Gibwa Musoke , Ioannis Myserlis , Andrew Nadolski , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Masanori Nakamura , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Antonios Nathanail , Santiago Navarro Fuentes , Joey Neilsen , Roberto Neri , Chunchong Ni , Aristeidis Noutsos , Michael A. Nowak , Junghwan Oh , Hiroki Okino , Héctor R. Olivares Sánchez , Gisela N. Ortiz-León , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal özel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Jongho Park , Harriet Parsons , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Piétu , Richard Plambeck , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Felix M. Pötzl , Ben Prather , Jorge A. Preciado-López , Giacomo Principe , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Angelo Ricarte , Bart Ripperda , Freek Roelofs , Alan Rogers , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Ignacio Ruiz , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , Salvador Sánchez , David Sánchez-Argüelles , Miguel Sánchez-Portal , Mahito Sasada , Kaushik Satapathy , F. Peter Schloerb , Jonathan Schonfeld , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Des Small , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , León David Sosapanta Salas , Kamal Souccar , Joshua S. Stanway , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Paul Tiede , Michael Titus , Pablo Torne , Teresa Toscano , Tyler Trent , Sascha Trippe , Matthew Turk , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib J. van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jesse Vos , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jasmin E. Washington , Jonathan Weintroub , Robert Wharton , Kaj Wiik , Gunther Witzel , Michael F. Wondrak , George N. Wong , Qingwen Wu , Nitika Yadlapalli , Paul Yamaguchi , Aristomenis Yfantis , Doosoo Yoon , André Young , Ken Young , Ziri Younsi , Wei Yu , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , J. Anton Zensus , Shuo Zhang , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao

This work presents a new super-resolution imaging approach by using subwavelength hole resonances. We employ a subwavelength structure in which an array of tiny holes are etched in a metallic slab with the neighboring distance $\ell$ that…

Optics · Physics 2020-10-07 Junshan Lin , Hai Zhang

Context: Magnetic fields play a pivotal role in dynamics of black hole accretion flows and formation of relativistic jets. Observations by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provided unprecedented insights into accretion structures near…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-04 Saurabh , Maciek Wielgus , Arman Tursunov , Andrei P. Lobanov , Razieh Emami

Recently multiscale imaging approaches such as DoG-HiT were developed to solve the VLBI imaging problem and showed a promising performance: they are fast, accurate, unbiased and automatic. We extend the multiscalar imaging approach to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-24 Hendrik Müller , Andrei Lobanov

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) provides the highest-resolution images in astronomy. The sharpest resolution is nominally achieved at the highest frequencies, but as the observing frequency increases so too does the atmospheric…

We carry out general relativistic ray-tracing radiative-transfer calculations to study whether a localized emission from $e^{\pm}$ plasma rings created at the stagnation surface in the jet funnel, to which we refer as stagnation rings, can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-24 Tomohisa Kawashima , Kenji Toma , Motoki Kino , Kazunori Akiyama , Masanori Nakamura , Kotaro Moriyama

The $n=1$ photon ring is an important probe of black hole (BH) properties and will be resolved by the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) for the first time. However, extraction of black hole parameters from observations of the $n=1$ subring is not…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-05 Joseph R. Farah , Jordy Davelaar , Daniel Palumbo , Michael D. Johnson , Jonathan Delgado

The spectacular images of the M87 black hole taken by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) have opened a new era of black hole research. One of the next issues is to take polarization images around the central black hole (BH). Since radio…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-18 Yuh Tsunetoe , Shin Mineshige , Ken Ohsuga , Tomohisa Kawashima , Kazunori Akiyama

We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A$^*$), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-17 The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-28 Ben S. Prather , Jason Dexter , Monika Moscibrodzka , Hung-Yi Pu , Thomas Bronzwaer , Jordy Davelaar , Ziri Younsi , Charles F. Gammie , Roman Gold , George N. Wong , Kazunori Akiyama , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Uwe Bach , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Mislav Baloković , John Barrett , Michi Bauböck , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , Raymond Blundell , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Hope Boyce , Michael Bremer , Christiaan D. Brinkerink , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Avery E. Broderick , Dominique Broguiere , Sandra Bustamante , Do-Young Byun , John E. Carlstrom , Chiara Ceccobello , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Dominic O. Chang , Koushik Chatterjee , Shami Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Xiaopeng Cheng , Ilje Cho , Pierre Christian , Nicholas S. Conroy , John E. Conway , James M. Cordes , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , Gregory Desvignes , Vedant Dhruv , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Sean Dougal , Sergio A. Dzib , Ralph P. Eatough , Razieh Emami , Heino Falcke , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Ed Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , William T. Freeman , Per Friberg , Christian M. Fromm , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Boris Georgiev , Ciriaco Goddi , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz , José L. Gómez , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Kari Haworth , Michael H. Hecht , Ronald Hesper , Dirk Heumann , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Abhishek V. Joshi , Taehyun Jung , Mansour Karami , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Prashant Kocherlakota , Yutaro Kofuji , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Michael Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Noemi La Bella , Tod R. Lauer , Daeyoung Lee , Sang-Sung Lee , Po Kin Leung , Aviad Levis , Zhiyuan Li , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Michael Lindqvist , Mikhail Lisakov , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin J. Lonsdale , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Iván Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Daniel Michalik , Izumi Mizuno , Yosuke Mizuno , James M. Moran , Kotaro Moriyama , Cornelia Müller , Alejandro Mus , Gibwa Musoke , Ioannis Myserlis , Andrew Nadolski , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Masanori Nakamura , Ramesh Narayan , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Antonios Nathanail , Santiago Navarro Fuentes , Joey Neilsen , Roberto Neri , Chunchong Ni , Aristeidis Noutsos , Michael A. Nowak , Junghwan Oh , Hiroki Okino , Héctor Olivares , Gisela N. Ortiz-León , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal Özel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Georgios Filippos Paraschos , Jongho Park , Harriet Parsons , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Piétu , Richard Plambeck , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Felix M. Pötzl , Jorge A. Preciado-López , Dimitrios Psaltis , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Alexander W. Raymond , Luciano Rezzolla , Angelo Ricarte , Bart Ripperda , Freek Roelofs , Alan Rogers , Eduardo Ros , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Ignacio Ruiz , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , Salvador Sánchez , David Sánchez-Argüelles , Miguel Sánchez-Portal , Mahito Sasada , Kaushik Satapathy , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Jonathan Schonfeld , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Des Small , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , Kamal Souccar , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Paul Tiede , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Pablo Torne , Efthalia Traianou , Tyler Trent , Sascha Trippe , Matthew Turk , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jesse Vos , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jonathan Weintroub , Norbert Wex , Robert Wharton , Maciek Wielgus , Kaj Wiik , Gunther Witzel , Michael F. Wondrak , Qingwen Wu , Paul Yamaguchi , Aristomenis Yfantis , Doosoo Yoon , André Young , Ken Young , Wei Yu , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , J. Anton Zensus , Shuo Zhang , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao