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An active area of investigation in the search for quantum advantage is Quantum Machine Learning. Quantum Machine Learning, and Parameterized Quantum Circuits in a hybrid quantum-classical setup in particular, could bring advancements in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-01 Thomas Hubregtsen , Josef Pichlmeier , Patrick Stecher , Koen Bertels

We present symQV, a symbolic execution framework for writing and verifying quantum computations in the quantum circuit model. symQV can automatically verify that a quantum program complies with a first-order specification. We formally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Fabian Bauer-Marquart , Stefan Leue , Christian Schilling

Neutral atom Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) are emerging as a popular quantum computing technology due to their large qubit counts and flexible connectivity. However, performance challenges arise as large circuits experience significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Francisco Romão , Daniel Vonk , Emmanuil Giortamis , Dennis Sprokholt , Pramod Bhatotia

We present a scalable formal verification methodology for Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) circuits. Our approach uses a symbolic qubit abstraction based on quantifier-free bit-vector logic, capturing key quantum phenomena, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Arun Govindankutty , Sudarshan K. Srinivasan

Although classical computing has excelled in a wide range of applications, there remain problems that push the limits of its capabilities, especially in fields like cryptography, optimization, and materials science. Quantum computing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Neilson Carlos Leite Ramalho , Erico Augusto da Silva , Higor Amario de Souza , Marcos Lordello Chaim

Quantum computing is a promising paradigm that may overcome the current computational power bottlenecks. The increasing maturity of quantum processors provides more possibilities for the development and implementation of quantum algorithms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Ge Yan , Wenjie Wu , Yuheng Chen , Kaisen Pan , Xudong Lu , Zixiang Zhou , Yuhan Wang , Ruocheng Wang , Junchi Yan

Designing effective quantum circuits remains a central challenge in quantum computing, as circuit structure strongly influences expressivity, trainability, and hardware feasibility. Current approaches, whether using manually designed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Devroop Kar , Daniel Krutz , Travis Desell

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) stands as a pivotal quantum computing subroutine that necessitates an inverse Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT). However, it is imperative to recognize that enhancing the precision of the estimation inevitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Chen-Yu Liu , Chu-Hsuan Abraham Lin , Kuan-Cheng Chen

Quantum compiling aims to construct a quantum circuit V by quantum gates drawn from a native gate alphabet, which is functionally equivalent to the target unitary U. It is a crucial stage for the running of quantum algorithms on noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 Zhimin He , Lvzhou Li , Shenggen Zheng , Yongyao Li , Haozhen Situ

Implementing many important sub-circuits on near-term quantum devices remains a challenge due to the high levels of noise and the prohibitive depth on standard nearest-neighbour topologies. Overcoming these barriers will likely require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Angus Mingare , Anastasia Moroz , Marcell D Kovacs , Andrew G Green

Quantum computers use the quantum interference of different computational paths to enhance correct outcomes and suppress erroneous outcomes of computations. A common pattern underpinning quantum algorithms can be identified when quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Richard Cleve , Artur Ekert , Chiara Macchiavello , Michele Mosca

We study the implementation of quantum channels with quantum computers while minimizing the experimental cost, measured in terms of the number of Controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gates required (single-qubit gates are free). We consider three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-17 Raban Iten , Roger Colbeck , Matthias Christandl

Development of energy and performance-efficient embedded software is increasingly relying on application of complex transformations on the critical parts of the source code. Designers applying such nontrivial source code transformations are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-09 K. C. Shashidhar , Maurice Bruynooghe , Francky Catthoor , Gerda Janssens

Quantum computing hardware has grown sufficiently complex that it often can no longer be simulated by classical computers, but its computational power remains limited by errors. These errors corrupt the results of quantum algorithms, and it…

In this paper we present a translation from the quantum programming language Quipper to the QPMC model checker, with the main aim of verifying Quipper programs. Quipper is an embedded functional programming language for quantum computation.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Linda Anticoli , Carla Piazza , Leonardo Taglialegne , Paolo Zuliani

Variational quantum algorithms, which utilize Parametrized Quantum Circuits (PQCs), are promising tools to achieve quantum advantage for optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. Their PQCs have been conventionally constructed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-23 Hiroshi C. Watanabe , Rudy Raymond , Yu-ya Ohnishi , Eriko Kaminishi , Michihiko Sugawara

The variational quantum eigensolver is a prominent hybrid quantum-classical algorithm expected to impact near-term quantum devices. They are usually based on a circuit ansatz consisting of parameterized single-qubit gates and fixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 S. E. Rasmussen , N. T. Zinner

Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms. Present day photonic quantum computers have been limited either to…

Quantum chemistry is among the most promising applications of quantum computing, offering the potential to solve complex electronic structure problems more efficiently than classical approaches. A critical component of any quantum algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Smik Patel , Praveen Jayakumar , Tzu-Ching Yen , Artur F. Izmaylov

Quantum software tools for a wide variety of design tasks on and across different levels of abstraction are crucial in order to eventually realize useful quantum applications. This requires practical and relevant benchmarks for new software…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille
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