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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been successful in mathematical reasoning tasks such as formal theorem proving when integrated with interactive proof assistants like Lean. Existing approaches involve training or fine-tuning an LLM on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Adarsh Kumarappan , Mo Tiwari , Peiyang Song , Robert Joseph George , Chaowei Xiao , Anima Anandkumar

Complex vector analysis is widely used to analyze continuous systems in many disciplines, including physics and engineering. In this paper, we present a higher-order-logic formalization of the complex vector space to facilitate conducting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-19 Sanaz Khan-Afshar , Vincent Aravantinos , Osman Hasan , Sofiene Tahar

The Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) method is a standard tool for estimating surface areas from adsorption isotherms, yet practical implementations involve multiple algorithmic steps whose correctness is rarely made explicit. In this work,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ejike D. Ugwuanyi , Colin T. Jones , John Velkey , Tyler R. Josephson

The combination of verifiable languages and LLMs has significantly influenced both the mathematical and computer science communities because it provides a rigorous foundation for theorem proving. Recent advancements in the field provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Hanning Zhang , Ruida Wang , Rui Pan , Wenyuan Wang , Bingxu Meng , Tong Zhang

We report on our experience formalizing differential geometry with mathlib, the Lean mathematical library. Our account is geared towards geometers with no knowledge of type theory, but eager to learn more about the formalization of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Anthony Bordg , Nicolò Cavalleri

We report on a formalization of the change of variables formula in integrals, in the mathlib library for Lean. Our version of this theorem is extremely general, and builds on developments in linear algebra, analysis, measure theory and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Sébastien Gouëzel

We present **Lean4PHYS**, a comprehensive reasoning framework for college-level physics problems in Lean4. **Lean4PHYS** includes *LeanPhysBench*, a college-level benchmark for formal physics reasoning in Lean4, which contains 200…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yuxin Li , Minghao Liu , Ruida Wang , Wenzhao Ji , Zhitao He , Rui Pan , Junming Huang , Tong Zhang , Yi R. Fung

Mathematical theorem proving is an important testbed for large language models' deep and abstract reasoning capability. This paper focuses on improving LLMs' ability to write proofs in formal languages that permit automated proof…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kefan Dong , Arvind Mahankali , Tengyu Ma

The chase is a sound, complete, but possibly non-terminating algorithm for reasoning with existential rules (aka. tuple-generating dependencies), a highly expressive knowledge representation language. Although the procedure appears simple,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Lukas Gerlach

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in mathematical formalization. However, existing benchmarks focus on logical verification of declarative propositions, often neglecting the task of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Bowen Yang , Yi Yuan , Chenyi Li , Ziyu Wang , Liangqi Li , Bo Zhang , Zhe Li , Zaiwen Wen

Geometry problems are a crucial testbed for AI reasoning capabilities. Most existing geometry solving systems cannot express problems within a unified framework, thus are difficult to integrate with other mathematical fields. Besides, since…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Chendong Song , Zihan Wang , Frederick Pu , Haiming Wang , Xiaohan Lin , Junqi Liu , Jia Li , Zhengying Liu

Codifying mathematical theories in a proof assistant or computer algebra system is a challenging task, of which the most difficult part is, counterintuitively, structuring definitions. This results in a steep learning curve for new users…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Alena Gusakov , Peter Nelson , Stephen Watt

We formalize a complete proof of the regular case of Fermat's Last Theorem in the Lean4 theorem prover. Our formalization includes a proof of Kummer's lemma, that is the main obstruction to Fermat's Last Theorem for regular primes. Rather…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Alex Best , Christopher Birkbeck , Riccardo Brasca , Eric Rodriguez Boidi , Ruben van De Velde , Andrew Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant promise in formal theorem proving. In this study, we investigate the ability of LLMs to discover novel theorems and produce verified proofs. We propose a pipeline called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kazumi Kasaura , Naoto Onda , Yuta Oriike , Masaya Taniguchi , Akiyoshi Sannai , Sho Sonoda

We formalize Hall's Marriage Theorem in the Lean theorem prover for inclusion in mathlib, which is a community-driven effort to build a unified mathematics library for Lean. One goal of the mathlib project is to contain all of the topics of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Alena Gusakov , Bhavik Mehta , Kyle A. Miller

Mathematics formalisation is the task of writing mathematics (i.e., definitions, theorem statements, proofs) in natural language, as found in books and papers, into a formal language that can then be checked for correctness by a program. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ayush Agrawal , Siddhartha Gadgil , Navin Goyal , Ashvni Narayanan , Anand Tadipatri

The morphometric approach is a powerful ansatz for decomposing the chemical potential for a complex solute into purely geometrical terms. This method has proven accuracy in hard spheres, presenting an alternative to comparatively expensive…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-28 Joshua F. Robinson , Roland Roth , C. Patrick Royall

Formally verifying properties of software code has been a highly desirable task, especially with the emergence of LLM-generated code. In the same vein, they provide an interesting avenue for the exploration of formal verification and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Balaji Rao , William Eiers , Carlo Lipizzi

This paper describes a procedure that system developers can follow to translate typical mathematical representations of linearized control systems into logic theories. These theories are then used to verify system requirements and find…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Andrea Domenici , Cinzia Bernardeschi

Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang