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The NTK is a widely used tool in the theoretical analysis of deep learning, allowing us to look at supervised deep neural networks through the lenses of kernel regression. Recently, several works have investigated kernel models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Maximilian Fleissner , Gautham Govind Anil , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) has emerged as a powerful tool to provide memorization, optimization and generalization guarantees in deep neural networks. A line of work has studied the NTK spectrum for two-layer and deep networks with at…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-23 Simone Bombari , Mohammad Hossein Amani , Marco Mondelli

While deep learning has achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications, its theoretical understanding of representation learning remains limited. Deep neural kernels provide a principled framework to interpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yong-Ming Tian , Shuang Liang , Shao-Qun Zhang , Feng-Lei Fan

A rising trend in theoretical deep learning is to understand why deep learning works through Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) [jgh18], a kernel method that is equivalent to using gradient descent to train a multi-layer infinitely-wide neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Lianke Qin , Zhao Song , Baocheng Sun

The study of Neural Tangent Kernels (NTKs) has provided much needed insight into convergence and generalization properties of neural networks in the over-parametrized (wide) limit by approximating the network using a first-order Taylor…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-02 Alistair Shilton , Sunil Gupta , Santu Rana , Svetha Venkatesh

Little is known about the training dynamics of equivariant neural networks, in particular how it compares to data augmented training of their non-equivariant counterparts. Recently, neural tangent kernels (NTKs) have emerged as a powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Philipp Misof , Pan Kessel , Jan E. Gerken

Recently, neural tangent kernel (NTK) has been used to explain the dynamics of learning parameters of neural networks, at the large width limit. Quantitative analyses of NTK give rise to network widths that are often impractical and incur…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Nir Ailon , Supratim Shit

Modern deep networks are heavily overparameterized yet often generalize well, suggesting a form of low intrinsic complexity not reflected by parameter counts. We study this complexity at initialization through the effective rank of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Praveen Anilkumar Shukla

Two distinct limits for deep learning have been derived as the network width $h\rightarrow \infty$, depending on how the weights of the last layer scale with $h$. In the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) limit, the dynamics becomes linear in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Mario Geiger , Stefano Spigler , Arthur Jacot , Matthieu Wyart

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) characterizes the behavior of infinitely-wide neural networks trained under least squares loss by gradient descent. Recent works also report that NTK regression can outperform finitely-wide neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Amir Zandieh , Insu Han , Haim Avron , Neta Shoham , Chaewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin

In this paper, we study the neural tangent kernel (NTK) for general partial differential equations (PDEs) based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). As we all know, the training of an artificial neural network can be converted to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-10 Zijian Zhou , Zhenya Yan

Past decades have witnessed a great interest in the distinction and connection between neural network learning and kernel learning. Recent advancements have made theoretical progress in connecting infinite-wide neural networks and Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shao-Qun Zhang , Zong-Yi Chen , Yong-Ming Tian , Xun Lu

Sequential training from task to task is becoming one of the major objects in deep learning applications such as continual learning and transfer learning. Nevertheless, it remains unclear under what conditions the trained model's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-21 Ryo Karakida , Shotaro Akaho

This work bridges two important concepts: the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK), which captures the evolution of deep neural networks (DNNs) during training, and the Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon, which refers to the emergence of symmetry and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Mariia Seleznova , Dana Weitzner , Raja Giryes , Gitta Kutyniok , Hung-Hsu Chou

The tremendous recent progress in analyzing the training dynamics of overparameterized neural networks has primarily focused on wide networks and therefore does not sufficiently address the role of depth in deep learning. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Jongmin Lee , Joo Young Choi , Ernest K. Ryu , Albert No

Recent works have examined theoretical and empirical properties of wide neural networks trained in the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) regime. Given that biological neural networks are much wider than their artificial counterparts, we consider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Akhilan Boopathy , Ila Fiete

We investigate changing the bandwidth of a translational-invariant kernel during training when solving kernel regression with gradient descent. We present a theoretical bound on the out-of-sample generalization error that advocates for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-19 Oskar Allerbo

Recent research has been focused on two different approaches to studying neural networks training in the limit of infinite width (1) a mean-field (MF) and (2) a constant neural tangent kernel (NTK) approximations. These two approaches have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Eugene A. Golikov

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) have been proposed to study the behavior of trained neural networks from the perspective of Gaussian processes. An important result in this body of work is the theorem of equivalence between a trained neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Haoran Liu , Anthony Tai , David J. Crandall , Chunfeng Huang

We perform a careful, thorough, and large scale empirical study of the correspondence between wide neural networks and kernel methods. By doing so, we resolve a variety of open questions related to the study of infinitely wide neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Jaehoon Lee , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Jeffrey Pennington , Ben Adlam , Lechao Xiao , Roman Novak , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein