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Efficient methods to access the entanglement of a quantum many-body state, where the complexity generally scales exponentially with the system size $N$, have long a concern. Here we propose the Schmidt tensor network state (Schmidt TNS)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Peng-Fei Zhou , Ying Lu , Jia-Hao Wang , Shi-Ju Ran

We devise a method based on the tensor-network formalism to calculate genuine multisite entanglement in ground states of infinite spin chains containing spin-1/2 or spin-1 quantum particles. The ground state is obtained by employing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-12 Sudipto Singha Roy , Himadri Shekhar Dhar , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

The resemblance between the methods used in quantum-many body physics and in machine learning has drawn considerable attention. In particular, tensor networks (TNs) and deep learning architectures bear striking similarities to the extent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-05 Ding Liu , Shi-Ju Ran , Peter Wittek , Cheng Peng , Raul Blázquez García , Gang Su , Maciej Lewenstein

Originating in quantum physics, tensor networks (TNs) have been widely adopted as exponential machines and parameter decomposers for recognition tasks. Typical TN models, such as Matrix Product States (MPS), have not yet achieved successful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Chang Nie , Junfang Chen , Yajie Chen

Numerical methods based on tensor networks have been extensively explored in the research of quantum many-body systems in recent years. It has been recognized that the ability of tensor networks to describe a quantum many-body state…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-19 Toshiya Hikihara , Hiroshi Ueda , Kouichi Okunishi , Kenji Harada , Tomotoshi Nishino

Random tensor networks are a powerful toy model for understanding the entanglement structure of holographic quantum gravity. However, unlike holographic quantum gravity, their entanglement spectra are flat. It has therefore been argued that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Newton Cheng , Cécilia Lancien , Geoff Penington , Michael Walter , Freek Witteveen

We develop and employ general Tree Tensor Networks (TTNs) to compute the vibrational spectra for two model systems: a set of 64-dimensional coupled oscillators and acetonitrile. We explore various tree architectures, ranging from the simple…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Shuo Sun , Richard M. Milbradt , Stefan Knecht , Chandan Kumar , Christian B. Mendl

We study the entanglement structure of states dual to multiboundary wormhole geometries using tensor network models. Perfect and random tensor networks tiling the hyperbolic plane have been shown to provide good models of the entanglement…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-03 Alex Peach , Simon F. Ross

Matrix product states (MPS), a tensor network designed for one-dimensional quantum systems, has been recently proposed for generative modeling of natural data (such as images) in terms of `Born machine'. However, the exponential decay of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-13 Song Cheng , Lei Wang , Tao Xiang , Pan Zhang

We describe a quantum-assisted machine learning (QAML) method in which multivariate data is encoded into quantum states in a Hilbert space whose dimension is exponentially large in the length of the data vector. Learning in this space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Michael L. Wall , Giuseppe D'Aguanno

We investigate the global-symmetry projections applied to the tensor network states from the view point of the entanglement entropy and the mutual information. The projections to the translational invariant space and to the total-$S^z$-zero…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-03-09 Masashi Orii , Hiroshi Ueda , Isao Maruyama

The quantum state preparation of probability distributions is an important subroutine for many quantum algorithms. When embedding $D$-dimensional multivariate probability distributions by discretizing each dimension into $2^n$ points, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Hidetaka Manabe , Yuichi Sano

Tensor network states (TNS) are a promising but numerically challenging tool for simulating two-dimensional (2D) quantum many-body problems. We introduce an isometric restriction of the TNS ansatz that allows for highly efficient…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-02-10 Michael P. Zaletel , Frank Pollmann

This work is concerned with tree tensor network operators (TTNOs) for representing quantum Hamiltonians. We first establish a mathematical framework connecting tree topologies with state diagrams. Based on these, we devise an algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Richard M. Milbradt , Qunsheng Huang , Christian B. Mendl

A fully connected quantum network with a wavelength division multiplexing architecture plays an increasingly pivotal role in quantum information technology. With such architecture, an entanglement-based network has been demonstrated in…

In the tensor-network framework, the expectation values of two-dimensional quantum states are evaluated by contracting a double-layer tensor network constructed from initial and final tensor-network states. The computational cost of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-07-24 Z. Y. Xie , H. J. Liao , R. Z. Huang , H. D. Xie , J. Chen , Z. Y. Liu , T. Xiang

We study quantum entanglement distribution on networks with full-rank bi-partite mixed states linking qubits on nodes. In particular, we use entanglement swapping and purification to partially entangle widely separated nodes. The simplest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-24 G. J. Lapeyre , S. Perseguers , M. Lewenstein , A. Acín

Tensor networks were developed in the context of many-body physics as compressed representations of multiparticle quantum states. These representations mitigate the exponential complexity of many-body systems by capturing only the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Guillermo Valverde , Igor García-Olaizola , Giannicola Scarpa , Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens

Tensor network states are an indispensable tool for the simulation of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems. In recent years, tree tensor network states (TTNS) have been successfully used for two-dimensional systems and to benchmark…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Thomas Barthel

Despite the fundamental importance of quantum entanglement in many-body systems, our understanding is mostly limited to bipartite situations. Indeed, even defining appropriate notions of multipartite entanglement is a significant challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Sepehr Nezami , Michael Walter