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Machine learning as a Service (MLaaS) allows users to query the machine learning model in an API manner, which provides an opportunity for users to enjoy the benefits brought by the high-performance model trained on valuable data. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yiyong Liu , Rui Wen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Privacy and transparency are two key foundations of trustworthy machine learning. Model explanations offer insights into a model's decisions on input data, whereas privacy is primarily concerned with protecting information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Reza Shokri , Martin Strobel , Yair Zick

The drastic increase of large language models' (LLMs) parameters has led to a new research direction of fine-tuning-free downstream customization by prompts, i.e., task descriptions. While these prompt-based services (e.g. OpenAI's GPTs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zi Liang , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Yaxin Xiao , Haoyang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) memorize, and thus, among huge amounts of uncontrolled data, may memorize Personally Identifiable Information (PII), which should not be stored and, consequently, not leaked. In this paper, we introduce Private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Giancarlo A. Xompero , Davide Venditti , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

In machine learning, curation is used to select the most valuable data for improving both model accuracy and computational efficiency. Recently, curation has also been explored as a solution for private machine learning: rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dariush Wahdany , Matthew Jagielski , Adam Dziedzic , Franziska Boenisch

Recent studies have demonstrated the vulnerability of recommender systems to data privacy attacks. However, research on the threat to model privacy in recommender systems, such as model stealing attacks, is still in its infancy. Some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zhihao Zhu , Rui Fan , Chenwang Wu , Yi Yang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

As predictive models are increasingly being employed to make consequential decisions, there is a growing emphasis on developing techniques that can provide algorithmic recourse to affected individuals. While such recourses can be immensely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Martin Pawelczyk , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Seth Neel

Language model (LM) agents that act on users' behalf for personal tasks (e.g., replying emails) can boost productivity, but are also susceptible to unintended privacy leakage risks. We present the first study on people's capacity to oversee…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhiping Zhang , Bingcan Guo , Tianshi Li

These days, deep learning models have achieved great success in multiple fields, from autonomous driving to medical diagnosis. These models have expanded the abilities of artificial intelligence by offering great solutions to complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Gopichandh Golla

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced the ability to effectively tackle various downstream NLP tasks and unify these tasks into generative pipelines. On the one hand, powerful language models, trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Haoran Li , Yulin Chen , Jinglong Luo , Jiecong Wang , Hao Peng , Yan Kang , Xiaojin Zhang , Qi Hu , Chunkit Chan , Zenglin Xu , Bryan Hooi , Yangqiu Song

Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can infer private user attributes (e.g., age, location, gender) from user-generated text shared online, enabling rapid and large-scale privacy breaches. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dong Yan , Jian Liang , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

In model extraction attacks, adversaries can steal a machine learning model exposed via a public API by repeatedly querying it and adjusting their own model based on obtained predictions. To prevent model stealing, existing defenses focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Adam Dziedzic , Muhammad Ahmad Kaleem , Yu Shen Lu , Nicolas Papernot

We introduce a new class of attacks on machine learning models. We show that an adversary who can poison a training dataset can cause models trained on this dataset to leak significant private details of training points belonging to other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Florian Tramèr , Reza Shokri , Ayrton San Joaquin , Hoang Le , Matthew Jagielski , Sanghyun Hong , Nicholas Carlini

Machine unlearning has become a promising solution for fulfilling the "right to be forgotten", under which individuals can request the deletion of their data from machine learning models. However, existing studies of machine unlearning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Hongsheng Hu , Shuo Wang , Tian Dong , Minhui Xue

Privacy preserving deep learning is an emerging field in machine learning that aims to mitigate the privacy risks in the use of deep neural networks. One such risk is training data extraction from language models that have been trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Andor Diera , Nicolas Lell , Aygul Garifullina , Ansgar Scherp

As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous in our daily tasks and digital interactions, associated privacy risks are increasingly in focus. While LLM privacy research has primarily focused on the leakage of model training data, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Batuhan Tömekçe , Mark Vero , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance and education. However, the growing reliance on extensive data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guoshenghui Zhao , Eric Song

Are Large Pre-Trained Language Models Leaking Your Personal Information? In this paper, we analyze whether Pre-Trained Language Models (PLMs) are prone to leaking personal information. Specifically, we query PLMs for email addresses with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Jie Huang , Hanyin Shao , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Large Language Models are typically trained on datasets collected from the web, which may inadvertently contain harmful or sensitive personal information. To address growing privacy concerns, unlearning methods have been proposed to remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaoyu Wu , Yifei Pang , Terrance Liu , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-crawled corpora. This poses risks of leakage, including personal information, copyrighted texts, and benchmark datasets. Such leakage leads to undermining human trust in AI due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Masahiro Kaneko , Timothy Baldwin