Related papers: Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates…
Using a simple picture of the constituent quark as a composite system of point-like partons, we construct the polarized parton distributions by a convolution between constituent quark momentum distributions and constituent quark structure…
Despite the intrinsic coupling between electric and magnetic fields in random stationary light, their polarization properties are not mutually determined. A complete second-order description thus necessitates a joint electromagnetic…
The study of protons, fundamental constituents of atomic nuclei, is crucial for understanding nuclear physics and fundamental forces. This review examines advancements in extracting electromagnetic form factors, essential for probing proton…
The shape of the electron is studied using lowest-order perturbation theory. Quantities used to probe the structure of the proton: form factors, generalized parton distributions, transverse densities, Wigner distributions and the angular…
Measuring the spin structure of protons and neutrons tests our understanding of how they arise from quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclear matter. At long distances the coupling constant of the strong interaction…
The strongly interacting system created in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions behaves almost as an ideal fluid with rich patterns of the velocity field exhibiting strong vortical structure. Vorticity of the fluid, via spin-orbit coupling,…
We discuss the recent interpretation of quark distribution functions in the plane transverse to the light-cone direction. Such a mapping is model independent and allows one to build multidimensional pictures of the hadron and to develop a…
The electromagnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon are fundamental nucleon-structure observables that characterize its response to external electromagnetic fields. The neutron polarizabilities can be accessed from Compton-scattering data…
We present results on two-parton densities in coordinate space, which capture a fuller dynamical picture of the proton's internal structure, including information on the relative position between quarks and gluons in the transverse plane.…
The electromagnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon are fundamental properties that describe its response to external electric and magnetic fields. They can be extracted from Compton-scattering data --- and have been, with good accuracy, in…
So far the analyses of the polarized structure functions of the proton and neutron have been limited to the evaluation of their integrals and comparing them to the prediction of the static quark model of the nucleon. We extended our…
I review recent results regarding the nucleon charge and magnetization densities as well as the shape of the nucleon. First, some phenomenolgical considerations that show that the shape of the proton is not round are discussed. Then model…
The twenty years since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration has seen tremendous progress in our knowledge of the distribution of spin within the proton. The problem is reviewed, beginning with the…
Elastic and inelastic cross section of proton-proton and electron-proton scattering are discussed. Special attention is given to elastic scattering and to the striking difference between the data of these two kinds of experiments. It is…
Polarization observables in inclusive and exclusive electrodisintegration of the deuteron using a polarized beam and an oriented target are systematically surveyed using the standard nonrelativistic framework of nuclear theory but with…
We present exploratory studies of the proton content via unpolarized and polarized transverse-momentum-dependent gluon distributions in the proton at leading twist. We make use of an enhanced spectator-model approach to encode in our…
The background field method for measuring the electric polarizability of the neutron is adapted to the dynamical quark case, resulting in the calculation of (certain space-time integrals over) three- and four-point functions. Particular…
We present a precise determination of the polarizability and other proton structure dependent contributions to the hydrogen hyperfine splitting, based heavily on the most recent published data on proton spin dependent structure functions…
We propose a unified new approach to describe polarized and unpolarized quark distributions in the proton based on the gauge-gravity correspondence, light-front holography, and the generalized Veneziano model. We find that the…
The proton's internal structure is characterized not only by its charge and magnetic distribution but also by its mechanical and mass properties, which are encoded in the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). These…