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Related papers: Transcending Scaling Laws with 0.1% Extra Compute

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The ongoing evolution of language models has led to the development of large-scale architectures that demonstrate exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks. However, these models come with significant computational and energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xialie Zhuang , Peixian Ma , Zhikai Jia , Zane Cao , Shiwei Liu

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész

While scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) during pre-training have been extensively studied, their behavior under reinforcement learning (RL) post-training remains largely unexplored. This paper presents a systematic empirical…

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve impressive reasoning capabilities at the cost of substantial inference overhead, posing substantial deployment challenges. Although distilled Small Language Models (SLMs) significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Tianyu Fu , Yi Ge , Yichen You , Enshu Liu , Zhihang Yuan , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in various NLP tasks. However, these advances have not been reflected in the translation task, especially those with moderate model sizes (i.e., 7B or 13B…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Haoran Xu , Young Jin Kim , Amr Sharaf , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Jai Gupta , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

Scaling pre-training compute has proven effective for achieving mulitlinguality, but does the same hold for test-time scaling? In this work, we introduce MCLM, a multilingual math benchmark featuring competition-level problems in 55…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Guijin Son , Jiwoo Hong , Hyunwoo Ko , James Thorne

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have highlighted the potential of reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) to enhance reasoning capabilities through extended output sequences. However, traditional RL frameworks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Dong Du , Shulin Liu , Tao Yang , Shaohua Chen , Yang Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used across research and industry applications, yet their inference efficiency remains a significant challenge. As the computational power of modern GPU architectures continuously improves,…

Test-time scaling has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, its effectiveness in medical reasoning remains uncertain, as the medical domain fundamentally differs from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Xiaoke Huang , Juncheng Wu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Yuyin Zhou

General Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning, but those enhanced for translation struggle with reasoning tasks. To address this, we propose a novel translationenhanced recipe that begins with instruct models and applies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Changjiang Gao , Zixian Huang , Jingyang Gong , Shujian Huang , Lei Li , Fei Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

The surprising ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform well on complex reasoning with only few-shot chain-of-thought prompts is believed to emerge only in very large-scale models (100+ billion parameters). We show that such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yao Fu , Hao Peng , Litu Ou , Ashish Sabharwal , Tushar Khot

This paper derives "scaling laws"--empirical relationships between the training compute of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their performance--for economic outcomes. In a preregistered online experiment, 300 professional translators…

General Economics · Economics 2024-12-10 Ali Merali

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language understanding and generation but face significant memory bottlenecks during training. GaLore, Gradient Low-Rank Projection, addresses this issue by leveraging the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 DiJia Su , Andrew Gu , Jane Xu , Yuandong Tian , Jiawei Zhao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various fields, the efficiency of training and inference remains a major challenge. To address this issue, we propose SUBLLM, short for Subsampling-Upsampling-Bypass…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Quandong Wang , Yuxuan Yuan , Xiaoyu Yang , Ruike Zhang , Kang Zhao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Daniel Povey , Bin Wang

We develop task scaling laws and model ladders to predict the individual task performance of pretrained language models (LMs) in the overtrained setting. Standard power laws for language modeling loss cannot accurately model task…

We propose a novel scaling law for general-purpose decoder-only language models (LMs) trained on multilingual data, tackling the problem of balancing languages during multilingual pretraining. A primary challenge in studying multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yifei He , Alon Benhaim , Barun Patra , Praneetha Vaddamanu , Sanchit Ahuja , Parul Chopra , Vishrav Chaudhary , Han Zhao , Xia Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to demonstrate superior performance with increasing scale, yet training models with billions to trillions of parameters requires staggering computational resources, e.g. a one-trillion-parameter…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ajay Navilarekal Rajgopal , Nikolai Solmsdorf