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We study the problem of continual test-time adaption where the goal is to adapt a source pre-trained model to a sequence of unlabelled target domains at test time. Existing methods on test-time training suffer from several limitations: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Kien X. Nguyen , Fengchun Qiao , Xi Peng

Domain adaptation refers to the process of learning prediction models in a target domain by making use of data from a source domain. Many classic methods solve the domain adaptation problem by establishing a common latent space, which may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Pan Xiao , Bo Du , Jia Wu , Lefei Zhang , Ruimin Hu , Xuelong Li

Large-scale labeled training datasets have enabled deep neural networks to excel on a wide range of benchmark vision tasks. However, in many applications it is prohibitively expensive or time-consuming to obtain large quantities of labeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Sicheng Zhao , Bichen Wu , Joseph Gonzalez , Sanjit A. Seshia , Kurt Keutzer

Recently, test-time adaptation has garnered attention as a method for tuning models without labeled data. The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time primarily focuses on tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Raza Imam , Asif Hanif , Jian Zhang , Khaled Waleed Dawoud , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mohammad Yaqub

Foundation models have achieved remarkable success across diverse machine-learning domains through large-scale pretraining on large, diverse datasets. However, pretraining on such datasets introduces significant challenges due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Peiliang Gong , Emadeldeen Eldele , Min Wu , Zhenghua Chen , Xiaoli Li , Daoqiang Zhang

When the available data for a target domain is limited, transfer learning (TL) methods can be used to develop models on related data-rich domains, before deploying them on the target domain. However, these TL methods are typically designed…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-06 Ricardo Ribeiro Pereira , Jacopo Bono , Hugo Ferreira , Pedro Ribeiro , Carlos Soares , Pedro Bizarro

Anomaly Detectors are trained on healthy operating condition data and raise an alarm when the measured samples deviate from the training data distribution. This means that the samples used to train the model should be sufficient in quantity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Gabriel Michau , Olga Fink

Unsupervised domain transfer is the task of transferring or translating samples from a source distribution to a different target distribution. Current solutions unsupervised domain transfer often operate on data on which the modes of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Mikołaj Bińkowski , R Devon Hjelm , Aaron Courville

A common challenge in real world classification scenarios with sequentially appending target domain data is insufficient training datasets during the training phase. Therefore, conventional deep learning and transfer learning classifiers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Tobias Schlagenhauf , Tim Scheurenbrand

Test-time training (TTT) methods explicitly update the weights of a model to adapt to the specific test instance, and they have found success in a variety of settings, including most recently language modeling and reasoning. To demystify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Halil Alperen Gozeten , M. Emrullah Ildiz , Xuechen Zhang , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Marco Mondelli , Samet Oymak

In human learning, it is common to use multiple sources of information jointly. However, most existing feature learning approaches learn from only a single task. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-task deep network to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Zhongzheng Ren , Yong Jae Lee

In the era of end-to-end deep learning, many advances in computer vision are driven by large amounts of labeled data. In the optical flow setting, however, obtaining dense per-pixel ground truth for real scenes is difficult and thus such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Simon Meister , Junhwa Hur , Stefan Roth

The deep convolutional neural network has achieved significant progress for single image rain streak removal. However, most of the data-driven learning methods are full-supervised or semi-supervised, unexpectedly suffering from significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Changfeng Yu , Yi Chang , Yi Li , Xile Zhao , Luxin Yan

Although neural networks are conventionally optimized towards zero training loss, it has been recently learned that targeting a non-zero training loss threshold, referred to as a flood level, often enables better test time generalization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Wonho Bae , Yi Ren , Mohamad Osama Ahmed , Frederick Tung , Danica J. Sutherland , Gabriel L. Oliveira

Test-time training (TTT) with KV binding as sequence modeling layer is commonly interpreted as a form of online meta-learning that memorizes a key-value mapping at test time. However, our analysis reveals multiple phenomena that contradict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junchen Liu , Sven Elflein , Or Litany , Zan Gojcic , Ruilong Li

Across engineering and scientific domains, traditional deep learning (TDL) models perform well when training and test data share the same distribution. However, the dynamic nature of real-world data, broadly termed \textit{data shift},…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Samuel Myren , Nidhi Parikh , Natalie Klein

Despite domain generalization (DG) has significantly addressed the performance degradation of pre-trained models caused by domain shifts, it often falls short in real-world deployment. Test-time adaptation (TTA), which adjusts a learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xingguo Lv , Xingbo Dong , Liwen Wang , Jiewen Yang , Lei Zhao , Bin Pu , Zhe Jin , Xuejun Li

Transfer learning methods address the situation where little labeled training data from the "target" problem exists, but much training data from a related "source" domain is available. However, the overwhelming majority of transfer learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Aubrey Gress , Ian Davidson

Effective convolutional neural networks are trained on large sets of labeled data. However, creating large labeled datasets is a very costly and time-consuming task. Semi-supervised learning uses unlabeled data to train a model with higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Mehdi Sajjadi , Mehran Javanmardi , Tolga Tasdizen

We introduce a new representation learning approach for domain adaptation, in which data at training and test time come from similar but different distributions. Our approach is directly inspired by the theory on domain adaptation…