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The increasing sophistication of encryption-based ransomware has demanded innovative approaches to detection and mitigation, prompting the development of a hierarchical framework grounded in probabilistic cryptographic analysis. By focusing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kevin Pekepok , Persephone Kirkwood , Esme Christopolous , Florence Braithwaite , Oliver Nightingale

Ransomware continues to evolve in complexity, making early and explainable detection a critical requirement for modern cybersecurity systems. This study presents a comparative analysis of three Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Elodie Mutombo Ngoie , Mike Nkongolo Wa Nkongolo , Peace Azugo , Mahmut Tokmak

The extensive damage caused by malware requires anti-malware systems to be constantly improved to prevent new threats. The current trend in malware detection is to employ machine learning models to aid in the classification process. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Marcus Carpenter , Chunbo Luo

This research recasts ransomware detection using performance monitoring and statistical machine learning. The work builds a test environment with 41 input variables to label and compares three computing states: idle, encryption and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-28 David Noever , Samantha Miller Noever

Malwares are becoming persistent by creating full- edged variants of the same or different family. Malwares belonging to same family share same characteristics in their functionality of spreading infections into the victim computer. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Anishka Singh , Rohit Arora , Himanshu Pareek

Encryption-based attacks have introduced significant challenges for detection mechanisms that rely on predefined signatures, heuristic indicators, or static rule-based classifications. Probabilistic Latent Encryption Mapping presents an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Mohammad Eisa , Quentin Yardley , Rafael Witherspoon , Harriet Pendlebury , Clement Rutherford

There has been a surge of interest in using machine learning (ML) to automatically detect malware through their dynamic behaviors. These approaches have achieved significant improvement in detection rates and lower false positive rates at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Li Chen , Chih-Yuan Yang , Anindya Paul , Ravi Sahita

Ransomware, a class of self-propagating malware that uses encryption to hold the victims' data ransom, has emerged in recent years as one of the most dangerous cyber threats, with widespread damage; e.g., zero-day ransomware WannaCry has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Qian Chen , Robert A. Bridges

Ransomware defense solutions that can quickly detect and classify different ransomware classes to formulate rapid response plans have been in high demand in recent years. Though the applicability of adopting deep learning techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Jinting Zhu , Julian Jang-Jaccard , Amardeep Singh , Ian Welch , Harith AI-Sahaf , Seyit Camtepe

Modern threat landscapes continue to evolve with increasing sophistication, challenging traditional detection methodologies and necessitating innovative solutions capable of addressing complex adversarial tactics. A novel framework was…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Levi Gareth , Maximilian Fairbrother , Peregrine Blackwood , Lucasta Underhill , Benedict Ruthermore

In this work, we propose a two-phased approach for real-time detection and deterrence of ransomware. To achieve this, we leverage the capabilities of eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter) and artificial intelligence to develop both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Arjun Sekar , Sameer G. Kulkarni , Joy Kuri

Classification of malware families is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of how they can infect devices, computers, or systems. Thus, malware identification enables security researchers and incident responders to take precautions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Ferhat Demirkıran , Aykut Çayır , Uğur Ünal , Hasan Dağ

Ransomware poses a serious and fast-acting threat to critical systems, often encrypting files within seconds of execution. Research indicates that ransomware is the most reported cybercrime in terms of financial damage, highlighting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Busra Caliskan , Ibrahim Gulatas , H. Hakan Kilinc , A. Halim Zaim

Based on API call sequences, semantic-aware and machine learning (ML) based malware classifiers can be built for malware detection or classification. Previous works concentrate on crafting and extracting various features from malware…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Xin Wang , Siu Ming Yiu

In this paper, we present a generic, query-efficient black-box attack against API call-based machine learning malware classifiers. We generate adversarial examples by modifying the malware's API call sequences and non-sequential features…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ishai Rosenberg , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici , Lior Rokach

The constant growth in the number of malware - software or code fragment potentially harmful for computers and information networks - and the use of sophisticated evasion and obfuscation techniques have seriously hindered classic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Nicola Loi , Claudio Borile , Daniele Ucci

Ransomware is a significant global threat, with easy deployment due to the prevalent ransomware-as-a-service model. Machine learning algorithms incorporating the use of opcode characteristics and Support Vector Machine have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-30 James Baldwin , Ali Dehghantanha

In this paper, we propose a novel model for a malware classification system based on Application Programming Interface (API) calls and opcodes, to improve classification accuracy. This system uses a novel design of combined Convolutional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ahmed Bensaoud , Jugal Kalita

As the focus on security of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming paramount, research on crafting and inserting optimal adversarial perturbations has become increasingly critical. In the malware domain, this adversarial sample generation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Moustafa Saleh

Linux-based cloud environments have become lucrative targets for ransomware attacks, employing various encryption schemes at unprecedented speeds. Addressing the urgency for real-time ransomware protection, we propose leveraging the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Adrian Brodzik , Tomasz Malec-Kruszyński , Wojciech Niewolski , Mikołaj Tkaczyk , Krzysztof Bocianiak , Sok-Yen Loui