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Machine Translation (MT) is usually viewed as a one-shot process that generates the target language equivalent of some source text from scratch. We consider here a more general setting which assumes an initial target sequence, that must be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Jitao Xu , Josep Crego , François Yvon

Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) has traditionally relied on offline machine translation models coupled with human-engineered heuristics or learned policies. We propose Hikari, a policy-free, fully end-to-end model that performs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Roman Koshkin , Jeon Haesung , Lianbo Liu , Hao Shi , Mengjie Zhao , Yusuke Fujita , Yui Sudo

Simultaneous interpretation (SI), the translation of one language to another in real time, starts translation before the original speech has finished. Its evaluation needs to consider both latency and quality. This trade-off is challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Mana Makinae , Katsuhito Sudoh , Masaru Yamada , Satoshi Nakamura

Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) outputs the target sequence while receiving the source sequence, and hence learning when to start translating each target token is the core challenge for SiMT task. However, it is non-trivial to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Simultaneous machine translation, which aims at a real-time translation, is useful in many live scenarios but very challenging due to the trade-off between accuracy and latency. To achieve the balance for both, the model needs to wait for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Lei Lin , Shuangtao Li , Xiaodong Shi

Simultaneous or streaming machine translation generates translation while reading the input stream. These systems face a quality/latency trade-off, aiming to achieve high translation quality similar to non-streaming models with minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zeeshan Ahmed , Frank Seide , Zhe Liu , Rastislav Rabatin , Jachym Kolar , Niko Moritz , Ruiming Xie , Simone Merello , Christian Fuegen

Translating in real-time, a.k.a. simultaneous translation, outputs translation words before the input sentence ends, which is a challenging problem for conventional machine translation methods. We propose a neural machine translation (NMT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Jiatao Gu , Graham Neubig , Kyunghyun Cho , Victor O. K. Li

Simultaneous text translation and end-to-end speech translation have recently made great progress but little work has combined these tasks together. We investigate how to adapt simultaneous text translation methods such as wait-k and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Xutai Ma , Juan Pino , Philipp Koehn

Simultaneous translation involves translating a sentence before the speaker's utterance is completed in order to realize real-time understanding in multiple languages. This task is significantly more challenging than the general full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Aizhan Imankulova , Masahiro Kaneko , Tosho Hirasawa , Mamoru Komachi

Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) outputs translation while reading the source sentence. Unlike conventional sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) training, existing SiMT methods adopt the prefix-to-prefix (prefix2prefix) training, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Shoutao Guo , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Simultaneous machine translation (SimulMT) speeds up the translation process by starting to translate before the source sentence is completely available. It is difficult due to limited context and word order difference between languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Chih-Chiang Chang , Shun-Po Chuang , Hung-yi Lee

Simultaneous machine translation consists in starting output generation before the entire input sequence is available. Wait-k decoders offer a simple but efficient approach for this problem. They first read k source tokens, after which they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Maha Elbayad , Laurent Besacier , Jakob Verbeek

Simultaneous machine translation is a variant of machine translation that starts the translation process before the end of an input. This task faces a trade-off between translation accuracy and latency. We have to determine when we start…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Katsuki Chousa , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

When the complete source sentence is provided, Large Language Models (LLMs) perform excellently in offline machine translation even with a simple prompt "Translate the following sentence from [src lang] into [tgt lang]:". However, in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Biao Fu , Minpeng Liao , Kai Fan , Chengxi Li , Liang Zhang , Yidong Chen , Xiaodong Shi

Simultaneous Machine Translation (SiMT) requires high-quality translations under strict real-time constraints, which traditional encoder-decoder policies with only READ/WRITE actions cannot fully address. We extend the action space of SiMT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Qianen Zhang , Satoshi Nakamura

Simultaneous machine translation begins to translate each source sentence before the source speaker is finished speaking, with applications to live and streaming scenarios. Simultaneous systems must carefully schedule their reading of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Naveen Arivazhagan , Colin Cherry , Wolfgang Macherey , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Semih Yavuz , Ruoming Pang , Wei Li , Colin Raffel

We present an interactive machine translation (MT) system designed for users who are not proficient in the target language. It aims to improve trustworthiness and explainability by identifying potentially mistranslated words and allowing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Kenneth J. Sible , David Chiang

Simultaneous Machine Translation (SiMT) requires high-quality translations under strict real-time constraints, which traditional policies with only READ/WRITE actions cannot fully address. We extend the action space of SiMT with four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Qianen Zhang , Zeyu Yang , Satoshi Nakamura

The primary objective of simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) is to minimize latency while preserving the quality of the final translation. Drawing inspiration from CPU branch prediction techniques, we propose incorporating branch…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Aoxiong Yin , Tianyun Zhong , Haoyuan Li , Siliang Tang , Zhou Zhao

Simultaneous Machine Translation is the task of incrementally translating an input sentence before it is fully available. Currently, simultaneous translation is carried out by translating each sentence independently of the previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Javier Iranzo-Sánchez , Jorge Civera , Alfons Juan