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In hierarchical multi-label classification, a persistent challenge is enabling model predictions to reach deeper levels of the hierarchy for more detailed or fine-grained classifications. This difficulty partly arises from the natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Isaac Xu , Martin Gillis , Ayushi Sharma , Benjamin Misiuk , Craig J. Brown , Thomas Trappenberg

Hierarchical text classification, which aims to classify text documents into a given hierarchy, is an important task in many real-world applications. Recently, deep neural models are gaining increasing popularity for text classification due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Yu Meng , Jiaming Shen , Chao Zhang , Jiawei Han

In hierarchical text classification, we perform a sequence of inference steps to predict the category of a document from top to bottom of a given class taxonomy. Most of the studies have focused on developing novels neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Kervy Rivas Rojas , Gina Bustamante , Arturo Oncevay , Marco A. Sobrevilla Cabezudo

Classification trees continue to be widely adopted in machine learning applications due to their inherently interpretable nature and scalability. We propose a rolling subtree lookahead algorithm that combines the relative scalability of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Zeynel Batuhan Organ , Enis Kayış , Taghi Khaniyev

Hierarchical forecasting methods have been widely used to support aligned decision-making by providing coherent forecasts at different aggregation levels. Traditional hierarchical forecasting approaches, such as the bottom-up and top-down…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Evangelos Spiliotis , Mahdi Abolghasemi , Rob J Hyndman , Fotios Petropoulos , Vassilios Assimakopoulos

Classification with Costly Features (CwCF) is a classification problem that includes the cost of features in the optimization criteria. Individually for each sample, its features are sequentially acquired to maximize accuracy while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Jaromír Janisch , Tomáš Pevný , Viliam Lisý

Choosing the optimization algorithm that performs best on a given machine learning problem is often delicate, and there is no guarantee that current state-of-the-art algorithms will perform well across all tasks. Consequently, the more…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Måns Williamson , Monika Eisenmann , Tony Stillfjord

Classification is a fundamental task in machine learning. While conventional methods-such as binary, multiclass, and multi-label classification-are effective for simpler problems, they may not adequately address the complexities of some…

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) currently achieve state-of-the-art accuracy in image classification. With a growing number of classes, the accuracy usually drops as the possibilities of confusion increase. Interestingly, the class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Bilal Alsallakh , Amin Jourabloo , Mao Ye , Xiaoming Liu , Liu Ren

A common use of machine learning (ML) models is predicting the class of a sample. Object detection is an extension of classification that includes localization of the object via a bounding box within the sample. Classification, and by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Erin Lanus , Daniel Wolodkin , Laura J. Freeman

Many important classification problems in the real-world consist of a large number of closely related categories in a hierarchical structure or taxonomy. Hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMTC) with higher accuracy over large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Pengfei Gao , Jingpeng Zhao , Yinglong Ma , Ahmad Tanvir , Beihong Jin

Contemporary machine learning applications often involve classification tasks with many classes. Despite their extensive use, a precise understanding of the statistical properties and behavior of classification algorithms is still missing,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Christos Thrampoulidis , Samet Oymak , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Diffusion models, celebrated for their generative capabilities, have recently demonstrated surprising effectiveness in image classification tasks by using Bayes' theorem. Yet, current diffusion classifiers must evaluate every label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Arundhati S. Shanbhag , Brian B. Moser , Tobias C. Nauen , Stanislav Frolov , Federico Raue , Andreas Dengel

Hierarchical classification (HC) plays a pivotal role in multi-class classification tasks, where objects are organized into a hierarchical structure. This study explores the performance of HC through a comprehensive analysis that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Celal Alagoz

Typically, Softmax is used in the final layer of a neural network to get a probability distribution for output classes. But the main problem with Softmax is that it is computationally expensive for large scale data sets with large number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Abdul Arfat Mohammed , Venkatesh Umaashankar

Context: The huge and still rapidly growing amount of galaxies in modern sky surveys raises the need of an automated and objective classification method. Unsupervised learning algorithms are of particular interest, since they discover…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Rene Andrae , Peter Melchior , Matthias Bartelmann

Many binary classification problems minimize misclassification above (or below) a threshold. We show that instances of ranking problems, accuracy at the top or hypothesis testing may be written in this form. We propose a general framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Lukáš Adam , Václav Mácha , Václav Šmídl , Tomáš Pevný

Hierarchies allow feature sharing between objects at multiple levels of representation, can code exponential variability in a very compact way and enable fast inference. This makes them potentially suitable for learning and recognizing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Sanja Fidler , Marko Boben , Ales Leonardis

We propose a general multi-class visual recognition model, termed the Classifier Graph, which aims to generalize and integrate ideas from many of today's successful hierarchical recognition approaches. Our graph-based model has the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-04-11 Marius Leordeanu , Rahul Sukthankar

To incorporate spatial (neighborhood) and bidirectional hierarchical relationships as well as features and priors of the samples into their classification, we formulated the classification problem on three variants of multiresolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Faezeh Fallah