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A major obstacle towards realizing a practical quantum computer is the noise that arises due to system-environment interactions. While it is very well known that quantum error correction (QEC) provides a way to protect against errors that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-24 Akshaya Jayashankar

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing scalable quantum computation. However, when evaluating its benefits, most analyses assume idealized components, overlooking the imperfections inherent in realistic fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Lorenzo Valentini , Diego Forlivesi , Marco Chiani

Superconducting transmon qubits are a promising platform for quantum computation, yet they face significant fidelity degradation due to connectivity noise, particularly in the intermediate coupling regime where noise levels are substantial.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Quan Fu , Xin Wang , Rui Xiong

In principle a 1D array of nearest-neighbour linked qubits is compatible with fault tolerant quantum computing. However such a restricted topology necessitates a large overhead for shuffling qubits and consequently the fault tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-12 Ying Li , Simon C. Benjamin

Qudits provide a resource-efficient alternative to qubits for quantum information processing. The multilevel nature of the transmon, with its individually resolvable transition frequencies, makes it an attractive platform for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-28 Z. Wang , R. W. Parker , E. Champion , M. S. Blok

In the emerging field of Fault Tolerant Quantum Computation (FTQC), resource estimation is an important tool for quantitatively comparing prospective architectures, identifying hardware bottlenecks and informing which research paths are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Dmitry Filippov , Peter Yang , Prakash Murali

Even the quantum simulation of simple molecules such as Fe$_2$S$_2$ requires more than 10$^6$ qubits. In order to assess such a multimillion scale of identical qubits and control lines, the silicon platform seems to be one of the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-24 Davide Rotta , Fabio Sebastiano , Edoardo Charbon , Enrico Prati

The scaling barriers currently faced by both quantum networking and quantum computing technologies ultimately amount to the same core challenge of distributing high-quality entanglement at scale. In this Perspective, a novel quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Stephanie Simmons

Computational methods are the most effective tools we have besides scientific experiments to explore the properties of complex biological systems. Progress is slowing because digital silicon computers have reached their limits in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-03 Viv Kendon

We propose a scheme for scalable and robust quantum computing on two-dimensional arrays of qubits with fixed longitudinal coupling. This opens the possibility for bypassing the device complexity associated with tunable couplers required in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-08 Nguyen H. Le , Max Cykiert , Eran Ginossar

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its practical implementation remains a major engineering challenge. In particular, QEC demands precise real-time control of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Junyi Liu , Yi Lee , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang , Xiaodi Wu

We present a scalable scheme for executing the error-correction cycle of a monolithic surface-code fabric composed of fast-flux-tuneable transmon qubits with nearest-neighbor coupling. An eight-qubit unit cell forms the basis for repeating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-29 R. Versluis , S. Poletto , N. Khammassi , N. Haider , D. J. Michalak , A. Bruno , K. Bertels , L. DiCarlo

Decoherence in superconducting qubits is dominated by defects that reside at amorphous interfaces. Interaction with discrete defects results in dropouts that complicate qubit operation and lead to nongaussian tails in the distribution of…

Ternary quantum information processing in superconducting devices poses a promising alternative to its more popular binary counterpart through larger, more connected computational spaces and proposed advantages in quantum simulation and…

From the perspective of many body physics, the transmon qubit architectures currently developed for quantum computing are systems of coupled nonlinear quantum resonators. A significant amount of intentional frequency detuning (disorder) is…

Quantum error detection can produce unbiased expectation values that exponentially converge to noiseless results as the code distance is increased. Despite this, its performance as an error mitigation technique is relatively understudied on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yanis Le Fur , Ethan Egger , Hong-Ye Hu , Vincent Russo , William J. Zeng , Ryan LaRose

Nanometer scale electronics present a challenge for the computer architect. These quantum devices have small gain and are difficult to interconnect. I have analyzed current device capabilities and explored two general design requirements…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-02-03 Ronnie Mainieri

A key challenge in achieving scalable fault tolerance in superconducting quantum processors is readout fidelity, which lags behind one- and two-qubit gate fidelity. A major limitation in improving qubit readout is measurement-induced…

Superconducting qubits, while promising for scalability and long coherence times, contain more than two energy levels, and therefore are susceptible to errors generated by the leakage of population outside of the computational subspace.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-23 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler

Mid-circuit measurements (MCMs) are critical components of the quantum error correction protocols expected to enable utility-scale quantum computing. MCMs can be modeled by quantum instruments (a type of quantum operation or process), which…

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