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In this paper, we study how to optimize existing Non-Fungible Token (NFT) incentives. Upon exploring a large number of NFT-related standards and real-world projects, we come across an unexpected finding. That is, the current NFT incentive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Guangsheng Yu , Qin Wang , Caijun Sun , Lam Duc Nguyen , H. M. N. Dilum Bandara , Shiping Chen

Recommender systems have been actively studied and applied in various domains to deal with information overload. Although there are numerous studies on recommender systems for movies, music, and e-commerce, comparatively less attention has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Minjoo Choi , Seonmi Kim , Yejin Kim , Youngbin Lee , Joohwan Hong , Yongjae Lee

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as a decentralized proof of ownership represent one of the main reasons why Ethereum is a disruptive technology. This paper presents the first systematic study of the interactions occurring in a number of NFT…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-10-26 S. Casale-Brunet , P. Ribeca , P. Doyle , M. Mattavelli

The Non-Fungible Token (NFT) market is mushrooming in recent years. The concept of NFT originally comes from a token standard of Ethereum, aiming to distinguish each token with distinguishable signs. This type of token can be bound with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Qin Wang , Rujia Li , Qi Wang , Shiping Chen

The derivative of token standard of Ethereum blockchain, termed as Non Fungible Token is distinguishable token. These tokens are bound with digital properties that provide them unique identification which helps in fulfilling the aim of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Priyanshu Lohar , Kiran Rathi

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital items with blockchain managed ownership. Ethereum blockchain based smart contract created the environment for NFTs (ERC721) to reach its one of the most important future application domains. Non…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Prakhyat Khati

Recommender systems have become essential tools for enhancing user experiences across various domains. While extensive research has been conducted on recommender systems for movies, music, and e-commerce, the rapidly growing and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Seonmi Kim , Youngbin Lee , Yejin Kim , Joohwan Hong , Yongjae Lee

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are a type of digital asset that represents a proof of ownership over a particular digital item such as art, music, or real estate. Due to the non-fungible nature of NFTs, duplicate tokens should not possess the…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Samrat Sahoo , Nitin Paul , Agam Shah , Andrew Hornback , Sudheer Chava

We argue that the technical foundations of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) remain inadequately understood. Prior research has focused on market dynamics, user behavior, and isolated security incidents, yet systematic analysis of the standards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Minfeng Qi , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Ruiqiang Li , Victor Zhou , Shiping Chen

Many implementations of smart contracts available in NFT marketplaces today allow the modification of NFT token attributes, without any specific mechanism to control the consistency with off-chain metadata. We believe this is a weakness in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Denis Avrilionis , Thomas Hardjono

This research explores the methods that NFTs can be recommended to people who interact with NFT-marketplaces to explore NFTs of preference and similarity to what they have been searching for. While exploring past methods that can be adopted…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Dinuka Piyadigama , Guhanathan Poravi

Non-fungible token (NFT) is a tradable unit of data stored on the blockchain which can be associated with some digital asset as a certification of ownership. The past several years have witnessed the exponential growth of the NFT market. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shuwei Li , Yucheng Jin , Pin-Lun Hsu , Ya-Sin Luo

With the explosive development of decentralized finance, we witness a phenomenal growth in tokenization of all kinds of assets, including equity, funds, debt, and real estate. By taking advantage of blockchain technology, digital assets are…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-04-21 Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini Bamakan , Nasim Nezhadsistani , Omid Bodaghi , Qiang Qu

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on Ethereum currently follow a binary mobility paradigm: ERC-721 enables unrestricted transfers, whereas SBTs (ERC-5192) prohibit transfers entirely. We identify a design gap in which no standard mechanism…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qin Wang , Minfeng Qi , Guangsheng Yu , Shiping Chen

The non-fungible token (NFT) is an emergent type of cryptocurrency that has garnered extensive attention since its inception. The uniqueness, indivisibility and humanistic value of NFTs are the key characteristics that distinguish them from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yixiang Tan , Zhiying Wu , Jieli Liu , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng , Ting Chen

In recommender systems, user-item interactions can be modeled as a bipartite graph, where user and item nodes are connected by undirected edges. This graph-based view has motivated the rapid adoption of graph neural networks (GNNs), which…

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing can enhance spectrum resource utilization by promoting the dynamic distribution of spectrum resources. However, to effectively implement dynamic spectrum resource allocation, certain mechanisms are needed to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Zhixian Zhou , Bin Chen , Chen Sun , Peichang Zhang , Shuo Wang

Ethereum and its standardized token interface have formed decentralized finance (DeFi), an open financial system based on blockchain smart contracts. The DeFi ecosystem has become richer with the introduction of DeFi composability projects,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-05 HyoungSung Kim , Hyun-Sik Kim , Yong-Suk Park

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets stored on a blockchain representing real-world objects such as art or collectibles. An NFT collection comprises numerous tokens; each token can be transacted multiple times. It is a…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-02-07 Wesley Joon-Wie Tann , Akhil Vuputuri , Ee-Chien Chang

Several blockchain consensus protocols proposed to use of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) to solve the limited processing throughput of traditional single-chain Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains. Many such protocols utilize a random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Martin Perešíni , Ivan Homoliak , Federico Matteo Benčić , Martin Hrubý , Kamil Malinka
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