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Despite rapid advances in quantum hardware, noise remains a central obstacle to deploying quantum algorithms on near-term devices. In particular, random coherent errors that accumulate during circuit execution constitute a dominant and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Suying Liu , Yulong Dong , Dong An , Murphy Yuezhen Niu

Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors on quantum information. Here, we present such a quantum…

Quantum error mitigation, a data processing technique for recovering the statistics of target processes from their noisy version, is a crucial task for near-term quantum technologies. Most existing methods require prior knowledge of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Manwen Liao , Yan Zhu , Giulio Chiribella , Yuxiang Yang

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, quantum error mitigation (QEM) is essential for producing reliable outputs from quantum circuits. We present a statistical signal processing approach to QEM that estimates the most likely…

Error mitigation has been one of the recently sought after methods to reduce the effects of noise when computation is performed on a noisy near-term quantum computer. Interest in simulating stochastic processes with quantum models gained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Matthew Ho , Ryuji Takagi , Mile Gu

As quantum computing advances towards practical applications, reducing errors remains a crucial frontier for developing near-term devices. Errors in the quantum gates and quantum state readout could result in noisy circuits, which would…

Quantum error correction protects quantum information against environmental noise. When using qubits, a measure of quality of a code is the maximum number of errors that it is able to correct. We show that a suitable notion of ``number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Lorenza Viola

It is vital to minimise the impact of errors for near-future quantum devices that will lack the resources for full fault tolerance. Two quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques have been introduced recently, namely error extrapolation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Suguru Endo , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

Real photonic devices are subject to photon losses that can decohere quantum information encoded in the system. In the absence of full fault tolerance, quantum error mitigation techniques have been introduced to help manage errors in noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-16 Adam Taylor , Gabriele Bressanini , Hyukjoon Kwon , M. S. Kim

Efficient error-mitigation techniques demanding minimal resources is key to quantum information processing. We propose a generic protocol to mitigate quantum errors using detection-based quantum autoencoders. In our protocol, the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Weicheng Kong , Muhammad Usman Farooq , Man-Hong Yung , Guoping Guo , Xin Wang

Realizing the potential of quantum computing will require achieving sufficiently low logical error rates. Many applications call for error rates in the $10^{-15}$ regime, but state-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-19 Zijun Chen , Kevin J. Satzinger , Juan Atalaya , Alexander N. Korotkov , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Sank , Chris Quintana , Matt McEwen , Rami Barends , Paul V. Klimov , Sabrina Hong , Cody Jones , Andre Petukhov , Dvir Kafri , Sean Demura , Brian Burkett , Craig Gidney , Austin G. Fowler , Harald Putterman , Igor Aleiner , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Ryan Babbush , Joseph C. Bardin , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexandre Bourassa , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Nicholas Bushnell , Benjamin Chiaro , Roberto Collins , William Courtney , Alan R. Derk , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Brooks Foxen , Marissa Giustina , Jonathan A. Gross , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeremy Hilton , Alan Ho , Trent Huang , William J. Huggins , L. B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Seon Kim , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Erik Lucero , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Josh Mutus , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Alex Opremcak , Eric Ostby , Bálint Pató , Nicholas Redd , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Vladimir Shvarts , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Matthew D. Trevithick , Benjamin Villalonga , Theodore White , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Adam Zalcman , Hartmut Neven , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Yu Chen , Anthony Megrant , Julian Kelly

Numerous quantum error-mitigation protocols have been proposed, motivated by the critical need to suppress noise effects on intermediate-scale quantum devices. Yet, their general potential and limitations remain elusive. In particular, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Ryuji Takagi , Hiroyasu Tajima , Mile Gu

Quantum error mitigation has been extensively explored to increase the accuracy of the quantum circuits in noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum (NISQ) computation, where quantum error correction requiring additional quantum resources is not…

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, may have a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Ningping Cao , Junan Lin , David Kribs , Yiu-Tung Poon , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) has been proposed as a class of hardware-friendly error suppression techniques. While QEM has been primarily studied for mitigating errors in the estimation of expectation values of observables, recent works…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Rion Shimazu , Suguru Endo , Shigeo Hakkaku , Shinobu Saito

Today's Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers have scientific value, but quantum machines with broad practical value must be protected against noise using quantum error correction and fault-tolerant protocols. Recent studies of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 John Preskill

Quantum error correction is an essential component for practical quantum computing on noisy quantum hardware. However, logical operations on error-corrected qubits require a significant resource overhead, especially for high-precision and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-31 Hyeongrak Choi , Frederic T. Chong , Dirk Englund , Yongshan Ding

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing, it is of crucial importance to verify quantum processes and extract information. Quantum process tomography is a typical approach, however, both resource-intensive and vulnerable to…

Error mitigation is essential for unlocking the full potential of quantum algorithms and accelerating the timeline toward quantum advantage. As quantum hardware progresses to push the boundaries of classical simulation, efficient and robust…

Fault tolerant quantum computing methods which work with efficient quantum error correcting codes are discussed. Several new techniques are introduced to restrict accumulation of errors before or during the recovery. Classes of eligible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Andrew M. Steane