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We present a new approach to graph limit theory which unifies and generalizes the two most well developed directions, namely dense graph limits (even the more general $L^p$ limits) and Benjamini--Schramm limits (even in the stronger…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-05 Agnes Backhausz , Balazs Szegedy

Action convergence provides a limit theory for linear bounded operators $A_n:L^{\infty}(\Omega_n)\longrightarrow L^1(\Omega_n)$ where $\Omega_n$ are potentially different probability spaces. This notion of convergence emerged in graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Giulio Zucal

Motivated in part by various sequences of graphs growing under random rules (like internet models), convergent sequences of dense graphs and their limits were introduced by Borgs, Chayes, Lov\'asz, S\'os and Vesztergombi and by Lov\'asz and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-26 C. Borgs , J. Chayes , L. Lovász , V. T. Sós , K. Vesztergombi

We show that if a sequence of dense graphs has the property that for every fixed graph F, the density of copies of F in these graphs tends to a limit, then there is a natural ``limit object'', namely a symmetric measurable 2-variable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Laszlo Lovasz , Balazs Szegedy

In this paper, we deal with a notion of Banach space-valued mappings defined on a set consisting of finite graphs with uniformly bounded vertex degree. These functions will be endowed with certain boundedness and additivity criteria. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-14 Felix Pogorzelski

To a subshift over a finite alphabet, one can naturally associate an infinite family of finite graphs, called its Rauzy graphs. We show that for a subshift of subexponential complexity the Rauzy graphs converge to the line $\mathbf{Z}$ in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-06-28 Paul-Henry Leemann , Tatiana Nagnibeda , Alexandra Skripchenko , Georgii Veprev

Can graph neural networks generalize to graphs that are different from the graphs they were trained on, e.g., in size? In this work, we study this question from a theoretical perspective. While recent work established such transferability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Thien Le , Stefanie Jegelka

We study sequences of functions of the form F_p^n -> {0,1} for varying n, and define a notion of convergence based on the induced distributions from restricting the functions to a random affine subspace. Using a decomposition theorem and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-20 Hamed Hatami , Pooya Hatami , James Hirst

A sequence of $k$-uniform hypergraphs $H_1, H_2, \dots$ is convergent if the sequence of homomorphism densities $t(F, H_1), t(F, H_2), \dots$ converges for every $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$. For graphs, Lov\'asz and Szegedy showed that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-26 Yufei Zhao

The theory of limits of dense graph sequences was initiated by Lovasz and Szegedy. We give a possible generalization of this theory to multigraphs. Our proofs are based on the correspondence between dense graph limits and countable,…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-06-14 Istvan Kolossvary , Balazs Rath

In an earlier paper the authors proved that limits of convergent graph sequences can be described by various structures, including certain 2-variable real functions called graphons, random graph models satisfying certain consistency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-10 László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

The theory of graph limits represents large graphs by analytic objects called graphons. Graph limits determined by finitely many graph densities, which are represented by finitely forcible graphons, arise in various scenarios, particularly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-10 Jacob W. Cooper , Daniel Kral , Taisa L. Martins

The emerging theory of graph limits exhibits an analytic perspective on graphs, showing that many important concepts and tools in graph theory and its applications can be described more naturally (and sometimes proved more easily) in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Omri Ben-Eliezer , Eldar Fischer , Amit Levi , Yuichi Yoshida

We work out the graph limit theory for dense interval graphs. The theory developed departs from the usual description of a graph limit as a symmetric function $W(x,y)$ on the unit square, with $x$ and $y$ uniform on the interval $(0,1)$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-15 Persi Diaconis , Susan Holmes , Svante Janson

Consider a random graph process where vertices are chosen from the interval $[0,1]$, and edges are chosen independently at random, but so that, for a given vertex $x$, the probability that there is an edge to a vertex $y$ decreases as the…

In recent work on equiangular lines, Jiang, Tidor, Yuan, Zhang, and Zhao showed that a connected bounded degree graph has sublinear second eigenvalue multiplicity. More generally they show that there cannot be too many eigenvalues near the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Mikolaj Fraczyk , Ben Hayes , Madhu Sudan , Yufei Zhao

We introduce and develop a theory of limits for sequences of sparse graphs based on $L^p$ graphons, which generalizes both the existing $L^\infty$ theory of dense graph limits and its extension by Bollob\'as and Riordan to sparse graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-19 Christian Borgs , Jennifer T. Chayes , Henry Cohn , Yufei Zhao

L. Lov\'asz and B. Szegedy proved in 2006 that the limits of convergent graph sequences can be described by measurable symmetric functions $W: [0, 1]\times [0, 1]\to [0, 1]$ called graphons. In our present paper we investigate the structure…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Attila Nagy

We present results on the concentration properties of the spectral norm $\|A_p\|$ of the adjacency matrix $A_p$ of an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $G(n,p)$. First we consider the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph process and prove that…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-21 Gábor Lugosi , Shahar Mendelson , Nikita Zhivotovskiy

Similarity metrics are central in the theory of large networks and graph limits. For bounded-degree graphs, the Benjamini--Schramm metric records the distribution of rooted neighbourhoods, while the stronger colored-neighbourhood metric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Balazs Szegedy
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