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It has been suggested that online search and retrieval contributes to the intellectual isolation of users within their preexisting ideologies, where people's prior views are strengthened and alternative viewpoints are infrequently…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-05-08 Danai Koutra , Paul Bennett , Eric Horvitz

Due to the widespread use of data-powered systems in our everyday lives, concepts like bias and fairness gained significant attention among researchers and practitioners, in both industry and academia. Such issues typically emerge from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Gianluca Demartini , Kevin Roitero , Stefano Mizzaro

While recent years have witnessed a rapid growth of research papers on recommender system (RS), most of the papers focus on inventing machine learning models to better fit user behavior data. However, user behavior data is observational…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Jiawei Chen , Hande Dong , Xiang Wang , Fuli Feng , Meng Wang , Xiangnan He

Algorithms now permeate multiple aspects of human lives and multiple recent results have reported that these algorithms may have biases pertaining to gender, race, and other demographic characteristics. The metrics used to quantify such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Vivek K. Singh , Ishaan Singh

Search Engines (SE) have been shown to perpetuate well-known gender stereotypes identified in psychology literature and to influence users accordingly. Similar biases were found encoded in Word Embeddings (WEs) learned from large online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Alessandro Fabris , Alberto Purpura , Gianmaria Silvello , Gian Antonio Susto

Query in a search engine is generally based on natural language. A query can be expressed in more than one way without changing its meaning as it depends on thinking of human being at a particular moment. Aim of the searcher is to get most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Raj Kishor Bisht , Ila Pant Bisht

The concept of ``ideology" is central to political discourse and dynamics, and is often cast as falling primarily on a one-dimensional scale from ``left-wing/liberal" to ``right-wing/conservative", but the validity of this simple…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-16 David Sabin-Miller , Mary McGrath , Marisa C. Eisenberg

We study individuals' willingness to engage with others who hold opposite views on polarizing policies. A representative sample of 2,507 Americans are given the opportunity to listen to recordings of fellow countrymen and women expressing…

General Economics · Economics 2023-02-16 Michele Belot , Guglielmo Briscese

Search engine retrieval effectiveness studies are usually small-scale, using only limited query samples. Furthermore, queries are selected by the researchers. We address these issues by taking a random representative sample of 1,000…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-05-12 Dirk Lewandowski

This work first presents our attempts to establish an automated model using state-of-the-art approaches for analysing bias in search results of Bing and Google. Experimental results indicate that the current class-wise F1-scores of our best…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Gizem Gezici

Compared to search engine result pages (SERPs), AI-generated podcasts represent a relatively new and relatively more passive modality of information consumption, delivering narratives in a naturally engaging format. As these two media…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Junjie Wang , Gaole He , Alisa Rieger , Ujwal Gadiraju

Recommendation and ranking systems are known to suffer from popularity bias; the tendency of the algorithm to favor a few popular items while under-representing the majority of other items. Prior research has examined various approaches for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Himan Abdollahpouri , Masoud Mansoury , Robin Burke , Bamshad Mobasher , Edward Malthouse

Several recent works have highlighted how search and recommender systems exhibit bias along different dimensions. Counteracting this bias and bringing a certain amount of fairness in search is crucial to not only creating a more balanced…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Sahil Verma , Ruoyuan Gao , Chirag Shah

The possible impact of algorithmic recommendation on the autonomy and free choice of Internet users is being increasingly discussed, especially in terms of the rendering of information and the structuring of interactions. This paper aims at…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Camille Roth

Online platforms mediate access to opportunity: relevance-based rankings create and constrain options by allocating exposure to job openings and job candidates in hiring platforms, or sellers in a marketplace. In order to do so responsibly,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Aparna Balagopalan , Abigail Z. Jacobs , Asia Biega

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly shape global discourse, making fairness and ideological neutrality essential for responsible AI deployment. Despite growing attention to political bias in LLMs, prior work largely focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Afrozah Nadeem , Agrima Seth , Mehwish Nasim , Usman Naseem

The search task and the system both affect the demand on cognitive resources during information search. In some situations, the demands may become too high for a person. This article has a three-fold goal. First, it presents and critiques…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2010-05-18 Jacek Gwizdka

Search engines that present users with a ranked list of search results are a fundamental technology for providing public access to information. Evaluations of such systems are typically conducted by domain experts and focus on model-centric…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anna Marie Rezk , Patrizia Di Campli San Vito , Ayah Soufan , Graham McDonald , Craig Macdonald , Iadh Ounis

The present level of proliferation of fake, biased, and propagandistic content online has made it impossible to fact-check every single suspicious claim or article, either manually or automatically. Thus, many researchers are shifting their…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Preslav Nakov , Husrev Taha Sencar , Jisun An , Haewoon Kwak

This short paper deals with the combination and comparison of two data sources: Search engine results and query suggestions for 16 terms related to political candidates and parties. The data was collected before the federal election in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Malte Bonart , Philipp Schaer