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As the development of Large Models (LMs) progresses rapidly, their safety is also a priority. In current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) safety workflow, evaluation, diagnosis, and alignment are…

Common-sense reasoning is a key language model capability because it encapsulates not just specific factual knowledge but rather general language and world understanding. Measuring common-sense reasoning, therefore, is crucial for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Pavel Chizhov , Mattia Nee , Pierre-Carl Langlais , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Modeling semantic plausibility requires commonsense knowledge about the world and has been used as a testbed for exploring various knowledge representations. Previous work has focused specifically on modeling physical plausibility and shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Ian Porada , Kaheer Suleman , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

As generative large model capabilities advance, safety concerns become more pronounced in their outputs. To ensure the sustainable growth of the AI ecosystem, it's imperative to undertake a holistic evaluation and refinement of associated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jiawen Deng , Jiale Cheng , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Minlie Huang

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as a unified paradigm for language and image generation. Compared with diffusion models, MLLMs possess a much stronger capability for semantic understanding, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ye Leng , Junjie Chu , Mingjie Li , Chenhao Lin , Chao Shen , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

With the integration of large language models (LLMs), embodied agents have strong capabilities to understand and plan complicated natural language instructions. However, a foreseeable issue is that those embodied agents can also flawlessly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sheng Yin , Xianghe Pang , Yuanzhuo Ding , Menglan Chen , Yutong Bi , Yichen Xiong , Wenhao Huang , Zhen Xiang , Jing Shao , Siheng Chen

With the global increase in experimental data artifacts, harnessing them in a unified fashion leads to a major stumbling block - bad metadata. To bridge this gap, this work presents a Natural Language Processing (NLP) informed application,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Sowmya S. Sundaram , Mark A. Musen

Memes act as cryptic tools for sharing sensitive ideas, often requiring contextual knowledge to interpret. This makes moderating multimodal memes challenging, as existing works either lack high-quality datasets on nuanced hate categories or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Palash Nandi , Shivam Sharma , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large language models are rapidly being deployed as AI tutors, yet current evaluation paradigms assess problem-solving accuracy and generic safety in isolation, failing to capture whether a model is simultaneously pedagogically effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Rima Hazra , Bikram Ghuku , Ilona Marchenko , Yaroslava Tokarieva , Sayan Layek , Somnath Banerjee , Julia Stoyanovich , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Open-weight large language models (LLMs) unlock huge benefits in innovation, personalization, privacy, and democratization. However, their core advantage - modifiability - opens the door to systemic risks: bad actors can trivially subvert…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski , Dillon Bowen , Adam Gleave , Chris Cundy

The task of text and sentence classification is associated with the need for large amounts of labelled training data. The acquisition of high volumes of labelled datasets can be expensive or unfeasible, especially for highly-specialised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Aleksandra Edwards , David Rogers , Jose Camacho-Collados , Hélène de Ribaupierre , Alun Preece

In the digital age of today, the internet has become an indispensable platform for people's lives, work, and information exchange. However, the problem of violent text proliferation in the network environment has arisen, which has brought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yongsheng Yang , Xiaoying Wang

Humans are prone to cognitive distortions -- biased thinking patterns that lead to exaggerated responses to specific stimuli, albeit in very different contexts. This paper demonstrates that advanced Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Xirui Li , Hengguang Zhou , Ruochen Wang , Tianyi Zhou , Minhao Cheng , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Following the rapid increase in Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities in recent years, the AI community has voiced concerns regarding possible safety risks. To support decision-making on the safe use and development of AI systems, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Gil Gekker , Meirav Segal , Dan Lahav , Omer Nevo

Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on safety alignment to produce socially acceptable responses. However, this behavior is known to be brittle: further fine-tuning, even on benign or lightly contaminated data, can degrade safety and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kaustubh Ponkshe , Shaan Shah , Raghav Singhal , Praneeth Vepakomma

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional capabilities across various tasks but also pose risks by generating harmful content. Existing safety mechanisms, while improving model safety, often lead to overly cautious behavior and fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Peixuan Han , Cheng Qian , Xiusi Chen , Yuji Zhang , Heng Ji , Denghui Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial commonsense understanding through numerous benchmark evaluations. However, their understanding of cultural commonsense remains largely unexamined. In this paper, we conduct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Siqi Shen , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Soujanya Poria , Rada Mihalcea

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), assessing their performance on health-related inquiries has become increasingly essential. The use of these models in real-world contexts-where misinformation can lead to serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Chenlu Guo , Nuo Xu , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Text-based games are becoming commonly used in reinforcement learning as real-world simulation environments. They are usually imperfect information games, and their interactions are only in the textual modality. To challenge these games, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tsunehiko Tanaka , Daiki Kimura , Michiaki Tatsubori

Individuals' concerns about data privacy and AI safety are highly contextualized and extend beyond sensitive patterns. Addressing these issues requires reasoning about the context to identify and mitigate potential risks. Though researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haoran Li , Yulin Chen , Huihao Jing , Wenbin Hu , Tsz Ho Li , Chanhou Lou , Hong Ting Tsang , Sirui Han , Yangqiu Song
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