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Blind quantum computation protocols allow a user to delegate a computation to a remote quantum computer in such a way that the privacy of their computation is preserved, even from the device implementing the computation. To date, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-25 Atul Mantri , Tommaso F. Demarie , Nicolas C. Menicucci , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

Blind quantum computing enables a client, who can only generate or measure single-qubit states, to delegate quantum computing to a remote quantum server in such a way that the input, output, and program are hidden from the server. It is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Tomoyuki Morimae , Harumichi Nishimura , Yuki Takeuchi , Seiichiro Tani

The question of whether a fully classical client can delegate a quantum computation to an untrusted quantum server while fully maintaining privacy (blindness) is one of the big open questions in quantum cryptography. Both yes and no answers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-07 Vedran Dunjko , Elham Kashefi

Current cloud-based quantum processors offer access to advanced hardware hosted on a remote server, but do not guarantee data or algorithm privacy. Blind quantum computation provides information-theoretic privacy by enabling a client to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Yongxin Song , Johannes Knörzer , Kieran Dalton , Andreas Wallraff , Jean-Claude Besse

Verifiable blind quantum computing is a secure delegated quantum computing where a client with a limited quantum technology delegates her quantum computing to a server who has a universal quantum computer. The client's privacy is protected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-12 Tomoyuki Morimae

The recently proposed Universal Blind Quantum Computation (UBQC) protocol allows a client to perform an arbitrary quantum computation on a remote server such that perfect privacy is guaranteed if the client is capable of producing random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-01 Vedran Dunjko , Elham Kashefi , Anthony Leverrier

In the standard oracle model, an oracle efficiently evaluates an unknown classical function independent of the quantum algorithm itself. Quantum algorithms have a complex interrelationship to their oracles; for example the possibility of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Cica Gustiani , David P. DiVincenzo

We discuss how blind quantum computing generalizes to multi-level quantum systems (qudits), which offers advantages compared to the qubit approach. Here, a quantum computing task is delegated to an untrusted server while simultaneously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Alena Romanova , Wolfgang Dür

Blind delegation protocols allow a client to delegate a computation to a server so that the server learns nothing about the input to the computation apart from its size. For the specific case of quantum computation we know that blind…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-22 Scott Aaronson , Alexandru Cojocaru , Alexandru Gheorghiu , Elham Kashefi

Delegated quantum computing (DQC) allows clients with low quantum capabilities to outsource computations to a server hosting a quantum computer. This process is often envisioned within the measurement-based quantum computing framework, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Fabian Wiesner , Jens Eisert , Anna Pappa

We introduce a new paradigm for quantum computing called Ancilla-Driven Quantum Computation (ADQC) combines aspects of the quantum circuit and the one-way model to overcome challenging issues in building large-scale quantum computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-12 Elham Kashefi , Daniel K. L. Oi , Daniel E. Browne , Janet Anders , Erika Andersson

Universal blind quantum computing allows users with minimal quantum resources to delegate a quantum computation to a remote quantum server, while keeping intrinsically hidden input, algorithm, and outcome. State-of-art experimental…

Quantum computers, besides offering substantial computational speedups, are also expected to provide the possibility of preserving the privacy of a computation. Here we show the first such experimental demonstration of blind quantum…

Known protocols for secure delegation of quantum computations from a client to a server in an information theoretic setting require quantum communication. In this work, we investigate methods to reduce communication overhead. First, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Abbas Poshtvan , Oleksandra Lapiha , Mina Doosti , Dominik Leichtle , Luka Music , Elham Kashefi

Blind quantum computing protocols enable a client, who can generate or measure single-qubit states, to delegate quantum computing to a remote quantum server protecting the client's privacy (i.e., input, output, and program). With current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Tomoyuki Morimae , Takeshi Koshiba

Because quantum computers are expensive, it is envisaged that individuals who want to utilize them would do so by delegating their calculations to someone who has a quantum computer. When quantum computer users delegate computations to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-20 Yuichi Sano

The advancement of quantum computing technology has led to the emergence of early-stage quantum cloud computing services. To fully realize the potential of quantum cloud computing, it is essential to develop techniques that ensure the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Youngkyung Lee , Doyoung Chung

Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) is a delegation computing protocol that allows a client to utilize a remote quantum server to implement desired quantum computations while keeping her inputs, outputs, and algorithms private. However, qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Qiang Zhao , John C. S. Lui

Blind quantum computation allows a client with limited quantum capabilities to interact with a remote quantum computer to perform an arbitrary quantum computation, while keeping the description of that computation hidden from the remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-16 Atul Mantri , Carlos A. Perez-Delgado , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

Blind quantum computation is a secure delegated quantum computing protocol where Alice who does not have sufficient quantum technology at her disposal delegates her computation to Bob who has a fully-fledged quantum computer in such a way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Tomoyuki Morimae