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We discuss an approach to compute the first and second moments of the number of eigenvalues $I_N$ that lie in an arbitrary interval of the real line for $N \times N$ Gaussian random matrices. The method combines the standard…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-22 Fernando L. Metz

Let $G$ be a finite, undirected $d$-regular graph and $A(G)$ its normalized adjacency matrix, with eigenvalues $1 = \lambda_1(A)\geq \dots \ge \lambda_n \ge -1$. It is a classical fact that $\lambda_n = -1$ if and only if $G$ is bipartite.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-02 Nina Moorman , Peter Ralli , Prasad Tetali

The large-matrix limit laws of the rescaled largest eigenvalue of the orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic $n$-dimensional Gaussian ensembles -- and of the corresponding Laguerre ensembles (Wishart distributions) for various regimes of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Folkmar Bornemann

Let $\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_N$ be a $M \times N$ random matrix defined by $\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_N = \mathbf{B}_N + \sigma \mathbf{W}_N$ where $\mathbf{B}_N$ is a uniformly bounded deterministic matrix and where $\mathbf{W}_N$ is an independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-09-30 Philippe Loubaton , Pascal Vallet

Given an integer $k$, deciding whether a graph has a clique of size $k$ is an NP-complete problem. Wilf's inequality provides a spectral bound for the clique number of simple graphs. Wilf's inequality is stated as follows: $\frac{n}{n -…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Hareshkumar Jadav , Sreekara Madyastha , Rahul Raut , Ranveer Singh

We consider the single eigenvalue fluctuations of random matrices of general Wigner-type, under a one-cut assumption on the density of states. For eigenvalues in the bulk, we prove that the asymptotic fluctuations of a single eigenvalue…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Benjamin Landon , Patrick Lopatto , Philippe Sosoe

For a connected graph $G$, we denote by $L(G)$, $m_{G}(\lambda)$, $c(G)$ and $p(G)$ the line graph of $G$, the eigenvalue multiplicity of $\lambda$ in $G$, the cyclomatic number and the number of pendant vertices in $G$, respectively. In…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Wenhao Zhen , Dein Wong , Songnian Xu

We consider the nodal length $L(\lambda)$ of the restriction to a ball of radius $r_\lambda$ of a {\it Gaussian pullback monochromatic random wave} of parameter $\lambda>0$ associated with a Riemann surface $(\mathcal M,g)$ without…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Gauthier Dierickx , Ivan Nourdin , Giovanni Peccati , Maurizia Rossi

We consider the double scaling limit in the random matrix ensemble with an external source $\frac{1}{Z_n} e^{-n \Tr({1/2}M^2 -AM)} dM$ defined on $n\times n$ Hermitian matrices, where $A$ is a diagonal matrix with two eigenvalues $\pm a$ of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-07-30 Pavel M. Bleher , Arno B. J. Kuijlaars

We derive a sufficient condition for a sparse graph G on n vertices to contain a copy of a tree T of maximum degree at most d on (1-\epsilon)n vertices, in terms of the expansion properties of G. As a result we show that for fixed d\geq 2…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-06-29 Noga Alon , Michael Krivelevich , Benny Sudakov

An eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a graph is said to be \emph{main} if the all-1 vector is not orthogonal to the associated eigenspace. In this work, we approach the main eigenvalues of some graphs. The graphs with exactly two main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Nair Abreu , Domingos M. Cardoso , Francisca A. M. França , Cybele T. M. Vinagre

Symmetric matrices with zero row sums occur in many theoretical settings and in real-life applications. When the offdiagonal elements of such matrices are i.i.d. random variables and the matrices are large, the eigenvalue distributions…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-06-27 Pawat Akara-pipattana , Oleg Evnin

We prove nonasymptotic matrix concentration inequalities for the spectral norm of (sub)gaussian random matrices with centered independent entries that capture fluctuations at the Tracy-Widom scale. This considerably improves previous bounds…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Tatiana Brailovskaya , Ramon van Handel

Here, using two real non-zero parameters $\lambda$ and $\mu$, we construct Gaussian pseudo-orthogonal ensembles of a large number $N$ of $n \times n$ ($n$ even and large) real pseudo-symmetric matrices under the metric $\eta$ using $…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Sachin Kumar , Amit Kumar , S M Yusuf

Let $G_n$ be an $n \times n$ matrix with real i.i.d. $N(0,1/n)$ entries, let $A$ be a real $n \times n$ matrix with $\Vert A \Vert \le 1$, and let $\gamma \in (0,1)$. We show that with probability $0.99$, $A + \gamma G_n$ has all of its…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Jess Banks , Jorge Garza Vargas , Archit Kulkarni , Nikhil Srivastava

Let X be a n*p matrix and l_1 the largest eigenvalue of the covariance matrix X^{*}*X. The "null case" where X_{i,j} are independent Normal(0,1) is of particular interest for principal component analysis. For this model, when n, p tend to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Noureddine El Karoui

For the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph G(n,p), we give a precise asymptotic formula for the size of a largest vertex subset in G(n,p) that induces a subgraph with average degree at most t, provided that p = p(n) is not too small and t =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-04 Nikolaos Fountoulakis , Ross J. Kang , Colin McDiarmid

We consider the statistics of extreme eigenvalues of random $d$-regular graphs, with $N^{\mathfrak c}\leq d\leq N^{1/3-{\mathfrak c}}$ for arbitrarily small ${\mathfrak c}>0$. We prove that in this regime, the fluctuations of extreme…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

For a fixed positive integer $k$ and a graph $G$, let $\lambda_k(G)$ denote the $k$-th largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $G$. In 2017, Tait and Tobin proved that the maximum $\lambda_1(G)$ among all outerplanar graphs on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-18 George Brooks , Maggie Gu , Jack Hyatt , William Linz , Linyuan Lu

For a given complex square matrix $A$ with constant row sum, we establish two new eigenvalue inclusion sets. Using these bounds, first we derive bounds for the second largest and smallest eigenvalues of adjacency matrices of $k$-regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-27 Ranjit Mehatari , M. Rajesh Kannan