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Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, e.g., a code generated by a security token. However, it also introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-03 Emiliano De Cristofaro , Honglu Du , Julien Freudiger , Greg Norcie

Security vulnerabilities of traditional single factor authentication has become a major concern for security practitioners and researchers. To mitigate single point failures, new and technologically advanced Multi-Factor Authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , Zachary Tingle , L. Jean Camp

To prevent password breaches and guessing attacks, banks increasingly turn to two-factor authentication (2FA), requiring users to present at least one more factor, such as a one-time password generated by a hardware token or received via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Kat Krol , Eleni Philippou , Emiliano De Cristofaro , M. Angela Sasse

Rolling out a new security mechanism in an organisation requires planning, good communication, adoption from users, iterations of reflection on the challenges experienced and how they were overcome. Our case study elicited users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Abideen Tetlay , Helen Treharne , Tom Ascroft , Sotiris Moschoyiannis

To protect users from data breaches and phishing attacks, service providers typically implement two-factor authentication (2FA) to add an extra layer of security against suspicious login attempts. However, since 2FA can sometimes hinder…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhi Wang , Xin Yang , Du Chen , Han Gao , Meiqi Tian , Yan Jia , Wanpeng Li

Traditional single-factor authentication possesses several critical security vulnerabilities due to single-point failure feature. Multi-factor authentication (MFA), intends to enhance security by providing additional verification steps.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , L. Jean Camp

We propose a two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism called 2D-2FA to address security and usability issues in existing methods. 2D-2FA has three distinguishing features: First, after a user enters a username and password on a login…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Maliheh Shirvanian , Shashank Agrawal

The digital age requires strong security measures to protect online activities. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) has emerged as a critical solution. However, its implementation presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Alexander Lengert

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) enhances login security by requiring multiple authentication factors. Its adoption has increased in response to more frequent and sophisticated attacks. Duo is widely used by organizations including Fortune…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Renascence Tarafder Prapty , Gene Tsudik

Two-factor authentication (2FA) offers several security benefits that security-conscious users might expect from high-value services such as online banks. In this work, we present our preliminary study to develop a scoring scheme to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Srivathsan G. Morkonda , AbdelRahman Abdou

Risk-based Authentication (RBA) is an adaptive security measure to strengthen password-based authentication. RBA monitors additional features during login, and when observed feature values differ significantly from previously seen ones,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Stephan Wiefling , Markus Dürmuth , Luigi Lo Iacono

The traditional two-factor authentication (2FA) methods primarily rely on the user manually entering a code or token during the authentication process. This can be burdensome and time-consuming, particularly for users who must be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani , Thamraa Alshayeb , Mahmoud Nabil , Ahmad Patooghy

Passwords have been long used as the primary authentication method for web services. Weak passwords used by the users have prompted the use of password management tools and two-factor authentication to ensure better account security. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Pratyush Choudhary , Subhrajit Das , Mukul Paras Potta , Prasuj Das , Abhishek Bichhawat

The majority of systems rely on user authentication on passwords, but passwords have so many weaknesses and widespread use that easily raise significant security concerns, regardless of their encrypted form. Users hold the same password for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Vassilis Papaspirou , Leandros Maglaras , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Ioanna Kantzavelou , Helge Janicke , Christos Douligeris

Multi-Factor Authentication is intended to strengthen the security of password-based authentication by adding another factor, such as hardware tokens or one-time passwords using mobile apps. However, this increased authentication security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Sabrina Amft , Sandra Höltervennhoff , Nicolas Huaman , Alexander Krause , Lucy Simko , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

Account security is an ongoing issue in practice. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a mechanism which could help mitigate this problem, however adoption is not very high in most domains. Online gaming has adopted an interesting approach to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Karoline Busse , Sabrina Amft , Daniel Hecker , Emanuel von Zezschwitz

This research presents the development of a critical success factor matrix for increasing positive user experience of hotel websites based upon user ratings. Firstly, a number of critical success factors for web usability have been…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-02-22 Arunasalam Sambhanthan , Alice Good

Happiness computing based on large-scale online web data and machine learning methods is an emerging research topic that underpins a range of issues, from personal growth to social stability. Many advanced Machine Learning (ML) models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Xiaohua Wu , Lin Li , Xiaohui Tao , Frank Xing , Jingling Yuan

Choosing authentication schemes for a specific purpose is challenging for service providers, developers, and researchers. Previous ratings of technical and objective aspects showed that available schemes all have strengths and limitations.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Verena Zimmermann , Paul Gerber , Alina Stöver

Considering computer systems, security is the major concern with usability. Security policies need to be developed to protect information from unauthorized access. Passwords and secrete codes used between users and information systems for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sharayu A. Aghav , RajneeshKaur Bedi
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