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This paper introduces RiskCards, a framework for structured assessment and documentation of risks associated with an application of language models. As with all language, text generated by language models can be harmful, or used to bring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Leon Derczynski , Hannah Rose Kirk , Vidhisha Balachandran , Sachin Kumar , Yulia Tsvetkov , M. R. Leiser , Saif Mohammad

Large language models produce human-like text that drive a growing number of applications. However, recent literature and, increasingly, real world observations, have demonstrated that these models can generate language that is toxic,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to control robotic systems such as drones, but their risks of causing physical threats and harm in real-world applications remain unexplored. Our study addresses the critical gap in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yung-Chen Tang , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Recent years have seen increased awareness of the potential significant impacts of computing technologies, both positive and negative. This whitepaper explores how to address possible harmful consequences of computing technologies that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Nadya Bliss , Kevin Butler , David Danks , Ufuk Topcu , Matthew Turk

Recent improvements in the quality of the generations by large language models have spurred research into identifying machine-generated text. Such work often presents high-performing detectors. However, humans and machines can produce text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Jad Doughman , Osama Mohammed Afzal , Hawau Olamide Toyin , Shady Shehata , Preslav Nakov , Zeerak Talat

Recent advances in text mining and natural language processing technology have enabled researchers to detect an authors identity or demographic characteristics, such as age and gender, in several text genres by automatically analysing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Claudia Peersman , Matthew Edwards , Emma Williams , Awais Rashid

Foundations of formal languages, as subfield of theoretical computer science, are part of typical upper secondary education curricula. There is very little research on the potential difficulties that students at this level have with this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Marko Schmellenkamp , Dennis Stanglmair , Tilman Michaeli , Thomas Zeume

The highly specialist terms `quantum computing' and `quantum information', together with the broader term `quantum technologies', now appear regularly in the mainstream media. While this is undoubtedly highly exciting for physicists and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-15 Fernando J. Gómez-Ruiz , Ferney J. Rodríguez , Luis Quiroga , Neil F. Johnson

Recent advancements in natural language generation has raised serious concerns. High-performance language models are widely used for language generation tasks because they are able to produce fluent and meaningful sentences. These models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Saurabh Gupta , Huy H. Nguyen , Junichi Yamagishi , Isao Echizen

The increasing popularity of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has led to growing concerns about their safety, security risks, and ethical implications. This paper aims to provide an overview of the different types of security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Erik Derner , Kristina Batistič

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in comprehending complex instructions. However, their blind adherence to provided instructions has led to concerns regarding risks of malicious use. Existing defence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-25 David Glukhov , Ilia Shumailov , Yarin Gal , Nicolas Papernot , Vardan Papyan

Large-scale pre-trained generative models are taking the world by storm, due to their abilities in generating creative content. Meanwhile, safeguards for these generative models are developed, to protect users' rights and safety, most of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Guanlin Li , Kangjie Chen , Shudong Zhang , Jie Zhang , Tianwei Zhang

Social media communication has become a significant part of daily activity in modern societies. For this reason, ensuring safety in social media platforms is a necessity. Use of dangerous language such as physical threats in online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Ali Alshehri , El Moatez Billah Nagoudi , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Recent advances in generative models for language have enabled the creation of convincing synthetic text or deepfake text. Prior work has demonstrated the potential for misuse of deepfake text to mislead content consumers. Therefore,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jiameng Pu , Zain Sarwar , Sifat Muhammad Abdullah , Abdullah Rehman , Yoonjin Kim , Parantapa Bhattacharya , Mobin Javed , Bimal Viswanath

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in child-facing contexts such as education, companionship, creative tools, but their deployment raises safety, privacy, developmental, and security risks. We conduct a systematic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Kevin Chen , Abhejay Murali , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar

Systems modeling practice lacks security analysis tools that can interface with modeling languages to facilitate security by design. Security by design is a necessity in the age of safety critical cyber-physical systems, where security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Georgios Bakirtzis , Garrett L. Ward , Christopher J. Deloglos , Carl R. Elks , Barry M. Horowitz , Cody H. Fleming

The proliferation of abusive language in online communications has posed significant risks to the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities. The growing concern regarding online abuse and its consequences necessitates methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Samaneh Hosseini Moghaddam , Kelly Lyons , Cheryl Regehr , Vivek Goel , Kaitlyn Regehr

In December 2023, security agencies from five countries in North America, Europe, and the south Pacific produced a document encouraging senior executives in all software producing organizations to take responsibility for and oversight of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Lee Barney , Adolfo Neto

Since the proliferation of LLMs, there have been concerns about their misuse for harmful content creation and spreading. Recent studies justify such fears, providing evidence of LLM vulnerabilities and high potential of their misuse. Humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Dominik Macko , Robert Moro , Ivan Srba

Within the text analysis and processing fields, generated text attacks have been made easier to create than ever before. To combat these attacks open sourcing models and datasets have become a major trend to create automated detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Jesus Guerrero , Izzat Alsmadi