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Recently, end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have made great strides and exhibit excellent performance in general speech recognition. However, there remain several challenging scenarios that E2E models are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zheng Liang , Zheshu Song , Ziyang Ma , Chenpeng Du , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

Languages usually switch within a multilingual speech signal, especially in a bilingual society. This phenomenon is referred to as code-switching (CS), making automatic speech recognition (ASR) challenging under a multilingual scenario. We…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Xiangyu Zhang , Andy W. H. Khong , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Multilingual end-to-end (E2E) models have shown great promise in expansion of automatic speech recognition (ASR) coverage of the world's languages. They have shown improvement over monolingual systems, and have simplified training and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-13 Anjuli Kannan , Arindrima Datta , Tara N. Sainath , Eugene Weinstein , Bhuvana Ramabhadran , Yonghui Wu , Ankur Bapna , Zhifeng Chen , Seungji Lee

End-to-end modeling (E2E) of automatic speech recognition (ASR) blends all the components of a traditional speech recognition system into a unified model. Although it simplifies training and decoding pipelines, the unified model is hard to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Zhehuai Chen , Mahaveer Jain , Yongqiang Wang , Michael L. Seltzer , Christian Fuegen

Code-Switching (CS) multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models can transcribe speech containing two or more alternating languages during a conversation. This paper proposes (1) a new method for creating code-switching ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Kunal Dhawan , Dima Rekesh , Boris Ginsburg

Code-switching (CS) speech translation (ST) aims to translate speech that alternates between multiple languages into a target language text, posing significant challenges due to the complexity of semantic modeling and the scarcity of CS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yan Gao , Yazheng Yang , Zhibin Lan , Yidong Chen , Min Zhang , Daimeng Wei , Derek F. Wong , Jinsong Su

Training a code-switching end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) model normally requires a large amount of data, while code-switching data is often limited. In this paper, three novel approaches are proposed for code-switching data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chenpeng Du , Hao Li , Yizhou Lu , Lan Wang , Yanmin Qian

Speech recognition in mixed language has difficulties to adapt end-to-end framework due to the lack of data and overlapping phone sets, for example in words such as "one" in English and "w\`an" in Chinese. We propose a CTC-based end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Chien-Sheng Wu , Pascale Fung

Code-switching (CS) is the alternating use of two or more languages within a conversation or utterance, often influenced by social context and speaker identity. This linguistic phenomenon poses challenges for Automatic Speech Recognition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Peng Xie , Xingyuan Liu , Tsz Wai Chan , Yequan Bie , Yangqiu Song , Yang Wang , Hao Chen , Kani Chen

Code-switching describes the practice of using more than one language in the same sentence. In this study, we investigate how to optimize a neural transducer based bilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) model for code-switching…

Language identification (LID) has relevance in many speech processing applications. For the automatic recognition of code-switching speech, the conventional approaches often employ an LID system for detecting the languages present within an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Sreeram Ganji , Kunal Dhawan , Kumar Priyadarshi , Rohit Sinha

Code-switching is a commonly observed communicative phenomenon denoting a shift from one language to another within the same speech exchange. The analysis of code-switched data often becomes an assiduous task, owing to the limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Tanvi Dadu , Kartikey Pant

Code-switching, the act of alternating between languages, emerged as a prevalent global phenomenon that needs to be addressed for building user-friendly language technologies. A main bottleneck in this pursuit is data scarcity, motivating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Injy Hamed , Ngoc Thang Vu , Nizar Habash

Code-switching (CS) is a common linguistic phenomenon exhibited by multilingual individuals, where they tend to alternate between languages within one single conversation. CS is a complex phenomenon that not only encompasses linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Injy Hamed , Alia El Bolock , Cornelia Herbert , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

Code-switching (CS), the alternating use of two or more languages, challenges automatic speech recognition (ASR) due to scarce training data and linguistic similarities. The lack of dedicated CS datasets limits ASR performance, as most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Carlos Mena , Pol Serra , Jacobo Romero , Abir Messaoudi , Jose Giraldo , Carme Armentano-Oller , Rodolfo Zevallos , Ivan Meza , Javier Hernando

Code-switching refers to the usage of two languages within a sentence or discourse. It is a global phenomenon among multilingual communities and has emerged as an independent area of research. With the increasing demand for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Ganji Sreeram , Kunal Dhawan , Rohit Sinha

Multilingual speakers tend to alternate between languages within a conversation, a phenomenon referred to as "code-switching" (CS). CS is a complex phenomenon that not only encompasses linguistic challenges, but also contains a great deal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Injy Hamed , Alia El Bolock , Nader Rizk , Cornelia Herbert , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

End-to-end (E2E) systems are fast replacing the conventional systems in the domain of automatic speech recognition. As the target labels are learned directly from speech data, the E2E systems need a bigger corpus for effective training. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-22 Kunal Dhawan , Ganji Sreeram , Kumar Priyadarshi , Rohit Sinha

In this paper we propose a novel data augmentation method for attention-based end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR), utilizing a large amount of text which is not paired with speech signals. Inspired by the back-translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Tomoki Hayashi , Shinji Watanabe , Yu Zhang , Tomoki Toda , Takaaki Hori , Ramon Astudillo , Kazuya Takeda

In this paper, we particularly work on the code-switched text, one of the most common occurrences in the bilingual communities across the world. Due to the discrepancies in the extraction of code-switched text from an Automated Speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Ahan M. R. , Shreyas Sunil Kulkarni