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The malicious manipulation of quantum key distribution (QKD) hardware is a serious threat to its security, as, typically, neither end users nor QKD manufacturers can validate the integrity of every component of their QKD system in practice.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure key generation method between two distant parties by wisely exploiting properties of quantum mechanics. In QKD, experimental measurement outcomes on quantum states are transformed by the two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-01 Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Xiongfeng Ma , H. F. Chau

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant users to exchange a secret key with information-theoretic security, based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. While it is arguably the most mature application of quantum…

In contrast to classical public-key cryptosystems, where the security of encoded messages relies on on computational assumptions, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key that, when…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) supports the negotiation and sharing of private keys with unconditional security between authorized parties. Over the years, theoretical advances and experimental demonstrations have successfully transitioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Haoran Zhang , Haotao Zhu , Ruihua He , Yan Zhang , Chao Ding , Lajos Hanzo , Weibo Gao

Security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) often require post-processing schemes to simplify the data structure, and hence the security proof. We show a generic method to improve resulting secure key rates by partially reversing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-29 Xiongfeng Ma , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is currently being discussed as a technology to safeguard communication in a future where quantum computers compromise traditional public-key cryptosystems. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive security…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first quantum information task to reach the level of mature technology, already fit for commercialization. It aims at the creation of a secret key between authorized partners connected by a quantum…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditionally secure key generation between two distant parties by wisely exploiting properties of quantum mechanics. In QKD, experimental measurements on quantum states are transformed to a secret…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-03 Xiongfeng Ma , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Jean-Christian Boileau , H. F. Chau

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but practical implementations face security vulnerabilities due to device imperfections. Recent advances have separately addressed source and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Shlok Nahar , Devashish Tupkary

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides secure keys resistant to code-breaking quantum computers. As headed towards commercial application, it is crucial to guarantee the practical security of QKD systems. However, the difficulty of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-14 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) together with one time pad encoding can provide information-theoretical security for communication. Currently, though QKD has been widely deployed in many metropolitan fiber networks, its implementation in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-10 Qiang Zhang , Feihu Xu , Yu-Ao Chen , Cheng-Zhi Peng , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two parties to securely share encryption keys by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, offering protection against eavesdropping. In practical implementations, QKD systems often rely on a…

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure communications between two parties based on physical laws. However, most of the security proofs of QKD today make unrealistic assumptions and neglect many relevant device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most widely studied quantum cryptographic model that exploits quantum effects to achieve information-theoretically secure key establishment. Conventional QKD contains public classical post-processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Zixuan Hu , Zhenyu Li

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics and idealized device models. Practical implementations, however, deviate from these models due to unavoidable device imperfections, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Álvaro Navarrete , Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cornerstone of the secure quantum encryption. Building on the quantum irreversibility, we develop a technique reborning the existing QKDs into protocols that are unrestricted in distance and have…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that ensures secure communication by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem and quantum uncertainty. This chapter provides an overview of this quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Sebastian Kish , Josef Pieprzyk , Seyit Camtepe

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols aim at allowing two parties to generate a secret shared key. While many QKD protocols have been proven unconditionally secure in theory, practical security analyses of experimental QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Michel Boyer , Gilles Brassard , Nicolas Godbout , Rotem Liss , Stéphane Virally
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