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In the realm of practical Anomaly Detection (AD) tasks, manual labeling of anomalous pixels proves to be a costly endeavor. Consequently, many AD methods are crafted as one-class classifiers, tailored for training sets completely devoid of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hanxi Li , Jingqi Wu , Lin Yuanbo Wu , Hao Chen , Deyin Liu , Chunhua Shen

In line with the development of Industry 4.0, surface defect detection/anomaly detection becomes a topical subject in the industry field. Improving efficiency as well as saving labor costs has steadily become a matter of great concern in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yajie Cui , Zhaoxiang Liu , Shiguo Lian

Visual anomaly detection aims to identify anomalous regions in images through unsupervised learning paradigms, with increasing application demand and value in fields such as industrial inspection and medical lesion detection. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangning Zhang , Haoyang He , Zhenye Gan , Qingdong He , Yuxuan Cai , Zhucun Xue , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Lei Xie , Yong Liu

Anomaly detection aims to identify samples that deviate from the nominal data distribution and is central to many safety-critical applications. However, developing effective anomaly detection methods for categorical, mixed-type, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Lixing Zhang , Yuchen Liang , Liyan Xie

In industrial anomaly detection (IAD), accurately identifying defects amidst diverse anomalies and under varying imaging conditions remains a significant challenge. Traditional approaches often struggle with high false-positive rates,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yurui Pan , Lidong Wang , Yuchao Chen , Wenbing Zhu , Bo Peng , Mingmin Chi

Object anomaly detection is essential for industrial quality inspection, yet traditional single-sensor methods face critical limitations. They fail to capture the wide range of anomaly types, as single sensors are often constrained to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Wenqiao Li , Bozhong Zheng , Xiaohao Xu , Jinye Gan , Fading Lu , Xiang Li , Na Ni , Zheng Tian , Xiaonan Huang , Shenghua Gao , Yingna Wu

The detection and localization of anomalies is one important medical image analysis task. Most commonly, Computer Vision anomaly detection approaches rely on manual annotations that are both time consuming and expensive to obtain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Sergio Naval Marimont , Giacomo Tarroni

High-resolution point clouds~(HRPCD) anomaly detection~(AD) plays a critical role in precision machining and high-end equipment manufacturing. Despite considerable 3D-AD methods that have been proposed recently, they still cannot meet the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Hongze Zhu , Guoyang Xie , Chengbin Hou , Tao Dai , Can Gao , Jinbao Wang , Linlin Shen

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential tools for detecting network attacks and intrusions. While extensive research has explored the use of supervised Machine Learning for attack detection and characterisation, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Georgios Anyfantis , Pere Barlet-Ros

We present a novel method for image anomaly detection, where algorithms that use samples drawn from some distribution of "normal" data, aim to detect out-of-distribution (abnormal) samples. Our approach includes a combination of encoder and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-02 Nina Tuluptceva , Bart Bakker , Irina Fedulova , Anton Konushin

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) from images strives to model normal data distributions, creating discriminative representations to distinguish and precisely localize anomalies. Despite recent advancements in the efficient and unified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Wenxin Ma , Qingsong Yao , Xiang Zhang , Zhelong Huang , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

Defect detection in the manufacturing industry is of utmost importance for product quality inspection. Recently, optical defect detection has been investigated as an anomaly detection using different deep learning methods. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Ammar Mansoor Kamoona , Amirali Khodadadian Gostar , Alireza Bab-Hadiashar , Reza Hoseinnezhad

Medical anomaly detection is a crucial yet challenging task aimed at recognizing abnormal images to assist in diagnosis. Due to the high-cost annotations of abnormal images, most methods utilize only known normal images during training and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yu Cai , Hao Chen , Xin Yang , Yu Zhou , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Anomaly detection is a significant and hence well-studied problem. However, developing effective anomaly detection methods for complex and high-dimensional data remains a challenge. As Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Houssam Zenati , Manon Romain , Chuan Sheng Foo , Bruno Lecouat , Vijay Ramaseshan Chandrasekhar

Nearest neighbor (kNN) methods utilizing deep pre-trained features exhibit very strong anomaly detection performance when applied to entire images. A limitation of kNN methods is the lack of segmentation map describing where the anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Niv Cohen , Yedid Hoshen

Unsupervised Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection consists in identifying anomalous regions in images leveraging only models trained on images of healthy anatomy. An established approach is to tokenize images and model the distribution of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Sergio Naval Marimont , Vasilis Siomos , Giacomo Tarroni

Few-Shot Industrial Visual Anomaly Detection (FS-IVAD) comprises a critical task in modern manufacturing settings, where automated product inspection systems need to identify rare defects using only a handful of normal/defect-free training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aggelos Psiris , Yannis Panagakis , Maria Vakalopoulou , Georgios Th. Papadopoulos

Visual anomaly detection in multi-class settings poses significant challenges due to the diversity of object categories, the scarcity of anomalous examples, and the presence of camouflaged defects. In this paper, we propose PromptMAD, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Duncan McCain , Hossein Kashiani , Fatemeh Afghah

Unsupervised pixel-level defective region segmentation is an important task in image-based anomaly detection for various industrial applications. The state-of-the-art methods have their own advantages and limitations:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Shancong Mou , Meng Cao , Haoping Bai , Ping Huang , Jianjun Shi , Jiulong Shan

In this paper we propose MECAD, a novel approach for continual anomaly detection using a multi-expert architecture. Our system dynamically assigns experts to object classes based on feature similarity and employs efficient memory management…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Malihe Dahmardeh , Francesco Setti
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