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Memory is fundamental to large language model (LLM)-based agents, but existing surveys emphasize application-level use (e.g., personalized dialogue), while overlooking the atomic operations governing memory dynamics. This work categorizes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yiming Du , Wenyu Huang , Danna Zheng , Zhaowei Wang , Sebastien Montella , Mirella Lapata , Kam-Fai Wong , Jeff Z. Pan

Memory enables Large Language Model (LLM) agents to perceive, store, and use information from past dialogues, which is essential for personalization. However, existing methods fail to properly model the temporal dimension of memory in two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Miao Su , Yucan Guo , Zhongni Hou , Long Bai , Zixuan Li , Yufei Zhang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Transformer-based language models (LMs) track contextual information through large, hard-coded input windows. We introduce MemoryPrompt, a leaner approach in which the LM is complemented by a small auxiliary recurrent network that passes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Marco Baroni

In lifelong learning, data are used to improve performance not only on the present task, but also on past and future (unencountered) tasks. While typical transfer learning algorithms can improve performance on future tasks, their…

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown promise in enhancing long-term conversations, the increasing memory load as conversations progress degrades retrieval accuracy. Drawing on psychological insights, we propose LUFY, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ryuichi Sumida , Koji Inoue , Tatsuya Kawahara

Robots have the potential to improve health monitoring outcomes for the elderly by providing doctors, and caregivers with information about the person's behavior, health activities and their surrounding environment. Over the years, less…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Ifrah Idrees , Steven P. Reiss , Stefanie Tellex

The prevalence of mental disorders has become a significant issue, leading to the increased focus on Emotional Support Conversation as an effective supplement for mental health support. Existing methods have achieved compelling results,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Mengzhao Jia , Qianglong Chen , Liqiang Jing , Dawei Fu , Renyu Li

In this study, we propose a novel human-like memory architecture designed for enhancing the cognitive abilities of large language model based dialogue agents. Our proposed architecture enables agents to autonomously recall memories…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuki Hou , Haruki Tamoto , Homei Miyashita

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents excel at diverse tasks, yet they suffer from brittle procedural memory that is manually engineered or entangled in static parameters. In this work, we investigate strategies to endow agents with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Runnan Fang , Yuan Liang , Xiaobin Wang , Jialong Wu , Shuofei Qiao , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Memory-augmented large language models extend reasoning beyond a fixed context window by maintaining long-term memory across interactions. However, existing memory systems often collapse stable user facts, episodic events, and behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hyeonjeong Ha , Jeonghwan Kim , Cheng Qian , Jiayu Liu , William M. Campbell , Yue Wu , Yuji Zhang , Kathleen McKeown , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Heng Ji

In this paper we describe the requirements and early system design for a smart conversational agent that can assist older adults in the reminiscence process. The practice of reminiscence has well documented benefits for the mental, social…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Svetlana Nikitina , Sara Callaioli , Marcos Baez

Large language models still struggle with reliable long-term conversational memory: simply enlarging context windows or applying naive retrieval often introduces noise and destabilizes responses. We present APEX-MEM, a conversational memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Pratyay Banerjee , Masud Moshtaghi , Shivashankar Subramanian , Amita Misra , Ankit Chadha

Existing works on long-term open-domain dialogues focus on evaluating model responses within contexts spanning no more than five chat sessions. Despite advancements in long-context large language models (LLMs) and retrieval augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Adyasha Maharana , Dong-Ho Lee , Sergey Tulyakov , Mohit Bansal , Francesco Barbieri , Yuwei Fang

Memory can be defined as the ability to retain and recall information in a diverse range of forms. It is a vital component of the way in which we as human beings operate on a day to day basis. Given a particular situation, decisions are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-05-31 William Wilson , Uwe Aickelin

Longitudinal Dialogues (LD) are the most challenging type of conversation for human-machine dialogue systems. LDs include the recollections of events, personal thoughts, and emotions specific to each individual in a sparse sequence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Seyed Mahed Mousavi , Simone Caldarella , Giuseppe Riccardi

LLM-based conversational agents still struggle to maintain coherent, personalized interaction over many sessions: fixed context windows limit how much history can be kept in view, and most external memory approaches trade off between coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Sizhe Zhou , Jiawei Han

Human-LLM conversations are increasingly becoming more pervasive in peoples' professional and personal lives, yet many users still struggle to elicit helpful responses from LLM Chatbots. One of the reasons for this issue is users' lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Rupak Sarkar , Bahareh Sarrafzadeh , Nirupama Chandrasekaran , Nagu Rangan , Philip Resnik , Longqi Yang , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Recent advancements in large language models have significantly improved their context windows, yet challenges in effective long-term memory management remain. We introduce MemTree, an algorithm that leverages a dynamic, tree-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Alireza Rezazadeh , Zichao Li , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao

In human conversations, due to their personalities in mind, people can easily carry out and maintain the conversations. Giving conversational context with persona information to a chatbot, how to exploit the information to generate diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Haoyu Song , Wei-Nan Zhang , Yiming Cui , Dong Wang , Ting Liu

Although neural conversation models are effective in learning how to produce fluent responses, their primary challenge lies in knowing what to say to make the conversation contentful and non-vacuous. We present a new end-to-end approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Lianhui Qin , Michel Galley , Chris Brockett , Xiaodong Liu , Xiang Gao , Bill Dolan , Yejin Choi , Jianfeng Gao