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Diffusion models have emerged as a leading framework in generative modeling, poised to transform the traditionally slow and costly process of drug discovery. This review provides a systematic comparison of their application in designing two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yiquan Wang , Yahui Ma , Yuhan Chang , Jiayao Yan , Jialin Zhang , Minnuo Cai , Kai Wei

Computationally generating novel synthetically accessible compounds with high affinity and low toxicity is a great challenge in drug design. Machine-learning models beyond conventional pharmacophoric methods have shown promise in generating…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-30 Nicholas T. Runcie , Antonia S. J. S. Mey

Designing safe and sustainable chemicals is critical to combat chemical pollution in our environment. Machine learning (ML) methods have been developed to aid with de novo molecule design. However, data on the environmental impacts of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Coelina Robinson , Franziska Weissbach , Kjell Jorner , Mennatallah El-Assady , Christina Humer

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to generate 3D ligand molecules that bind to specific protein targets. Existing 3D deep generative models including diffusion models have shown great promise for SBDD. However, it is complex to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-01 Zhilin Huang , Ling Yang , Zaixi Zhang , Xiangxin Zhou , Yu Bao , Xiawu Zheng , Yuwei Yang , Yu Wang , Wenming Yang

Generative AI has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery. Yet, despite recent advances in deep learning, existing models cannot generate molecules that satisfy all desired physicochemical properties. Herein, we describe IDOLpro, a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Amit Kadan , Kevin Ryczko , Erika Lloyd , Adrian Roitberg , Takeshi Yamazaki

In machine learning and molecular design, there exist two approaches: discriminative and generative. In the discriminative approach dubbed forward design, the goal is to map a set of features/molecules to their respective electronics…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-04-24 Alain Tchagang , Julio Valdés

To apply neural sequence models such as the Transformers to music generation tasks, one has to represent a piece of music by a sequence of tokens drawn from a finite set of pre-defined vocabulary. Such a vocabulary usually involves tokens…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Wen-Yi Hsiao , Jen-Yu Liu , Yin-Cheng Yeh , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Generation of molecules with desired chemical and biological properties such as high drug-likeness, high binding affinity to target proteins, is critical for drug discovery. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic generative model to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-12 Deqian Kong , Bo Pang , Tian Han , Ying Nian Wu

Existing large language model-based code generation pipelines typically use beam search or sampling algorithms during the decoding process. Although the programs they generate achieve high token-matching-based scores, they often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shun Zhang , Zhenfang Chen , Yikang Shen , Mingyu Ding , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

We introduce SynFormer, a generative modeling framework designed to efficiently explore and navigate synthesizable chemical space. Unlike traditional molecular generation approaches, we generate synthetic pathways for molecules to ensure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Wenhao Gao , Shitong Luo , Connor W. Coley

We present a diffusion-based, generative model for conformer generation. Our model is focused on the reproduction of bonded structure and is constructed from the associated terms traditionally found in classical force fields to ensure a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-18 David C. Williams , Neil Inala

In recent years the scientific community has devoted much effort in the development of deep learning models for the generation of new molecules with desirable properties (i.e. drugs). This has produced many proposals in literature. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Davide Rigoni , Nicolò Navarin , Alessandro Sperduti

Generating a novel and optimized molecule with desired chemical properties is an essential part of the drug discovery process. Failure to meet one of the required properties can frequently lead to failure in a clinical test which is costly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Bonggun Shin , Sungsoo Park , JinYeong Bak , Joyce C. Ho

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have propelled the development of innovative computational materials modeling and design techniques. Generative deep learning models have been used for molecular representation, discovery, and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-02-12 Navid Shervani-Tabar , Nicholas Zabaras

The main target of retrosynthesis is to recursively decompose desired molecules into available building blocks. Existing template-based retrosynthesis methods follow a template selection stereotype and suffer from limited training…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Chaochao Yan , Peilin Zhao , Chan Lu , Yang Yu , Junzhou Huang

The de novo generation of molecules with targeted properties is crucial in biology, chemistry, and drug discovery. Current generative models are limited to using single property values as conditions, struggling with complex customizations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yanchen Luo , Junfeng Fang , Sihang Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Jiancan Wu , An Zhang , Wenjie Du , Xiang Wang

Molecule generation is a task made very difficult by the complex ways in which we represent molecules computationally. A common technique used in molecular generative modeling is to use SMILES strings with recurrent neural networks built…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-28 Divahar Sivanesan

Generative AI presents chemists with novel ideas for drug design and facilitates the exploration of vast chemical spaces. Diffusion models (DMs), an emerging tool, have recently attracted great attention in drug R\&D. This paper…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-14 Peining Zhang , Daniel Baker , Minghu Song , Jinbo Bi

In the intersection of molecular science and deep learning, tasks like virtual screening have driven the need for a high-throughput molecular representation generator on large chemical databases. However, as SMILES strings are the most…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Wenhao Zhu , Ziyao Li , Lingsheng Cai , Guojie Song

Designing new molecules with a set of predefined properties is a core problem in modern drug discovery and development. There is a growing need for de-novo design methods that would address this problem. We present MolecularRNN, the graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Mariya Popova , Mykhailo Shvets , Junier Oliva , Olexandr Isayev