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Today's high-performance architectures are increasingly constrained by data movement latency and energy overhead, as the slowdown of single-core performance scaling coincides with the rise of highly data-intensive workloads. In-memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Farzad Razi , Mehran Moghadam , Sercan Aygun , M. Hassan Najafi , Marc Riedel

Byte-addressable non-volatile main memory (NVM) demands transactional mechanisms to access and manipulate data on NVM atomically. Those transaction mechanisms often employ a logging mechanism (undo logging or redo logging). However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Kai Wu , Jie Ren , Dong Li

The rising use of deep learning and other big-data algorithms has led to an increasing demand for hardware platforms that are computationally powerful, yet energy-efficient. Due to the amount of data parallelism in these algorithms,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Biresh Kumar Joardar , Ryan Gary Kim , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Partha Pratim Pande , Diana Marculescu , Radu Marculescu

Shared L1 memory clusters are a common architectural pattern (e.g., in GPGPUs) for building efficient and flexible multi-processing-element (PE) engines. However, it is a common belief that these tightly-coupled clusters would not scale…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Samuel Riedel , Matheus Cavalcante , Renzo Andri , Luca Benini

In recommendation systems, practitioners observed that increase in the number of embedding tables and their sizes often leads to significant improvement in model performances. Given this and the business importance of these models to major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Jie Amy Yang , Jianyu Huang , Jongsoo Park , Ping Tak Peter Tang , Andrew Tulloch

Memory latency, bandwidth, capacity, and energy increasingly limit performance. In this paper, we reconsider proposed system architectures that consist of huge (many-terabyte to petabyte scale) memories shared among large numbers of CPUs.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Samuel Dayo , Shuhan Liu , Peijing Li , Philip Levis , Subhasish Mitra , Thierry Tambe , David Tennenhouse , H. -S. Philip Wong

3D integration has the potential to improve the scalability and performance of Chip Multiprocessors (CMP). A closed form analytical solution for optimizing 3D CMP cache hierarchy is developed. It allows optimal partitioning of the cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-11-08 Leonid Yavits , Amir Morad , Ran Ginosar

Memory system is often the main bottleneck in chipmultiprocessor (CMP) systems in terms of latency, bandwidth and efficiency, and recently additionally facing capacity and power problems in an era of big data. A lot of research works have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Licheng Chen , Tianyue Lu , Yanan Wang , Mingyu Chen , Yuan Ruan , Zehan Cui , Yongbing Huang , Mingyang Chen , Jiutian Zhang , Yungang Bao

The Last Level Cache (LLC) is the processor's critical bridge between on-chip and off-chip memory levels - optimized for high density, high bandwidth, and low operation energy. To date, high-density (HD) SRAM has been the conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Faaiq Waqar , Jungyoun Kwak , Junmo Lee , Minji Shon , Mohammadhosein Gholamrezaei , Kevin Skadron , Shimeng Yu

The memory hierarchy has a high impact on the performance and power consumption in the system. Moreover, current embedded systems, included in mobile devices, are specifically designed to run multimedia applications, which are memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Josefa Díaz Álvarez , José L. Risco-Martín , J. Manuel Colmenar

Memory-centric computing aims to enable computation capability in and near all places where data is generated and stored. As such, it can greatly reduce the large negative performance and energy impact of data access and data movement, by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Onur Mutlu , Ataberk Olgun , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Ismail Emir Yuksel

With the growing number of data-intensive workloads, GPU, which is the state-of-the-art single-instruction-multiple-thread (SIMT) processor, is hindered by the memory bandwidth wall. To alleviate this bottleneck, previously proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Xinfeng Xie , Peng Gu , Yufei Ding , Dimin Niu , Hongzhong Zheng , Yuan Xie

The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction in hyperspectral imaging, genomics, and neurosciences. However, it suffers from computational bottlenecks in matrix multiplication and singular value…

When multiple processor cores (CPUs) and a GPU integrated together on the same chip share the off-chip DRAM, requests from the GPU can heavily interfere with requests from the CPUs, leading to low system performance and starvation of cores.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Gabriel H. Loh , Lavanya Subramanian , Kevin Chang , Onur Mutlu

Key-value (KV) cache memory management is the primary bottleneck limiting throughput and cost-efficiency in large-scale GPU inference serving. Current systems suffer from three compounding inefficiencies: (1) the absence of unified KV cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sanjeev Rao Ganjihal

With the rapid development of DNN applications, multi-tenant execution, where multiple DNNs are co-located on a single SoC, is becoming a prevailing trend. Although many methods are proposed in prior works to improve multi-tenant…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Tianhao Cai , Liang Wang , Limin Xiao , Meng Han , Zeyu Wang , Lin Sun , Xiaojian Liao

Memristive technologies are attractive candidates to replace conventional memory technologies, and can also be used to perform logic and arithmetic operations using a technique called 'stateful logic.' Combining data storage and computation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Shahar Kvatinsky

Computing has a huge memory problem. The memory system, consisting of multiple technologies at different levels, is responsible for most of the energy consumption, performance bottlenecks, robustness problems, monetary cost, and hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Onur Mutlu , Ataberk Olgun , Ismail Emir Yuksel

Traditional neural networks require enormous amounts of data to build their complex mappings during a slow training procedure that hinders their abilities for relearning and adapting to new data. Memory-augmented neural networks enhance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Geethan Karunaratne , Manuel Schmuck , Manuel Le Gallo , Giovanni Cherubini , Luca Benini , Abu Sebastian , Abbas Rahimi