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In this Perspective we summarize the status of technological development for large-area and low-noise substrate-transferred GaAs/AlGaAs (AlGaAs) crystalline coatings for interferometric gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. These topics were…

Thermal noise is a limiting factor in many high-precision optical experiments. A search is underway for novel optical materials with reduced thermal noise. One such pair of materials, gallium arsenide and aluminum-alloyed gallium arsenide…

Thermodynamically induced length fluctuations of high-reflectivity mirror coatings put a fundamental limit on sensitivity and stability of precision optical interferometers like gravitational wave detectors and ultra-stable lasers. The main…

Crystalline materials are promising candidates as substrates or high-reflective coatings of mirrors to reduce thermal noises in future laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors. However, birefringence of such materials could…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-01 Yuta Michimura , Haoyu Wang , Francisco Salces-Carcoba , Christopher Wipf , Aidan Brooks , Koji Arai , Rana X Adhikari

The sensitivity of 2nd and 3rd generations of interferometric gravitational wave detectors will be limited by thermal noise of the test-mass mirrors and highly reflective coatings. Recently developed crystalline coatings show a promising…

State-of-the-art optical oscillators employing cryogenic reference cavities are limited in performance by the Brownian thermal noise associated with the mechanical dissipation of the mirror coatings. Recently, crystalline…

Coating thermal noise is a fundamental limit for precision experiments based on optical and quantum transducers. In this review, after a brief overview of the techniques for coating thermal noise measurements, we present the latest…

AlGaAs/GaAs coatings are being considered as coating candidates for gravitational-wave detectors. In this paper we investigate the birefringence properties of this crystalline semiconductor material by modulating the optical illumination on…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-12-02 Bin Wu , Shreyan Goswami , Satoshi Tanioka , Stefan Ballmer

Future gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) such as Advanced LIGO upgrades and the Einstein Telescope are planned to operate at cryogenic temperatures using crystalline silicon (cSi) test-mass mirrors at an operation wavelength of 1550 nm.…

A folded resonant Fabry-Perot cavity has the potential to significantly reduce the impact of coating thermal noise on the performance of kilometer scale gravitational wave detectors. When constructed using only spherical mirror surfaces it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-02 Stefan W. Ballmer , David J. Ottaway

Ground-based laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors consist of complex multiple optical cavity systems. An arm-length stabilization (ALS) system has played an important role in bringing such complex detector into operational…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-08 Satoshi Tanioka , Bin Wu , Stefan W. Ballmer

Reduction of coating thermal noise is a key issue in precise measurements with an optical interferometer. A good example of such a measurement device is a gravitational-wave detector, where each mirror is coated by a few tens of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-18 Kentaro Somiya , Daniel Heinert , Alexey G. Gurkovsky , Stefan Hild , Ronny Nawrodt , Sergey P. Vyatchanin

High-reflective crystalline $GaAs/Al_{0.92}Ga_{0.08}As$ coatings show reduced Brownian noise compared to conventional dielectric coatings. However, several ultra stable laser systems observed additional noise sources that hinder the…

Reduction of thermal noise in dielectric mirror coatings is a key issue for the sensitivity improvement in second and third generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Replacing an end mirror of the interferometer by an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Alexey G. Gurkovsky , Daniel Heiner , Stefan Hild , Ronny Nawrodt , Kentaro Somiya , Sergey P. Vyatchanin , Holger Wittel

Upgrades to ground-based gravitational-wave observatories will require mirror coatings with reduced thermal noise, enabling improved detector sensitivity and extended astrophysical reach. Recent studies have shown that optical coatings…

In modern high precision optical instruments, such as in gravitational wave detectors or frequency references, thermally induced fluctuations in the reflective coatings can be a limiting noise source. This noise, known as coating thermal…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-01-18 S. Gras , H. Yu , W. Yam , D. Martynov , M. Evans

Optical multilayer coatings of high-reflective mirrors significantly determine the properties of Fabry-Perot resonators. Thermal (Brownian) noise in these coatings produce excess phase noise which can seriously degrade the sensitivity of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-08 N. M. Kondratiev , A. G. Gurkovsky , M. L. Gorodetsky

This thesis presents a collection of different researches on non-standard optics in view of enhancing the performances of the Advanced Gravitational waves interferometric detectors, where the thermal noise of the test masses is expected to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-05 Juri Agresti

Thermal noise in amorphous coatings is a limitation for a wide range of precision experiments such as gravitational-wave detectors (GWDs). Mirrors for GWDs are composed of multiple thin layers of dielectric materials deposited on a…

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