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Soon after the discovery of the Kerr metric, Penrose realized that superradiance can be exploited to extract energy from black holes. The original idea (involving the breakup of a single particle) yields only modest energy gains. A variant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-01 Emanuele Berti , Richard Brito , Vitor Cardoso

In the case involving particles the necessary and sufficient condition for the Penrose process to extract energy from a rotating black hole is absorption of particles with negative energies and angular momenta. No torque at the black-hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-02-04 J. -P. Lasota , E. Gourgoulhon , M. Abramowicz , A. Tchekhovskoy , R. Narayan

Shortly after the discovery of the Kerr metric in 1963, it was realized that a region existed outside of the black hole's event horizon where no time-like observer could remain stationary. In 1969, Roger Penrose showed that particles within…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-16 Jeremy D. Schnittman

In this article, we study the superradiance of charged scalar fields on the sub-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom metric, a mechanism by which such fields can extract energy from a static spherically symmetric charged black hole. A geometrical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-08-06 Laurent Di Menza , Jean-Philippe Nicolas

The concept of the irreducible mass ($M_{\rm irr}$) has led to the mass-energy ($M$) formula of a Kerr black hole (BH), in turn leading to its surface area $S=16\pi M_{\rm irr}^2$. This also allowed the coeval identification of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-06 R. Ruffini , C. L. Bianco , M. Prakapenia , H. Quevedo , J. A. Rueda , S. R. Zhang

We investigate the properties of the horizons and ergosphere in a rotating higher dimensional (HD) deformed Kerr-like black hole. We also explicitly bring out the effect of deformation parameter $\epsilon$ and the extra dimension on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-02-17 Sushant G. Ghosh , Pankaj Sheoran

High-energy astrophysical sources such as active galactic nuclei, quasars, X-ray binaries, and gamma-ray bursts are powered by mechanisms that convert gravitational or rotational energy into radiation, jets, and relativistic outflows.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-03 Parth Bambhaniya , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino

For almost four decades, since the discovery of quasars, mounting observational evidence has accumulated that black holes indeed exist in nature. In this paper, I present a theoretical and numerical (Monte Carlo) fully relativistic 4-D…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Reva Kay Williams

We perform the first numerical simulations modeling the inflow and outflow of magnetized plasma in the Kerr-Sen spacetime, which describes classical spinning black holes (BHs) in string theory. We find that the Blandford-Znajek (BZ)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-01 Koushik Chatterjee , Prashant Kocherlakota , Ziri Younsi , Ramesh Narayan

In this paper, we study the Penrose process and the maximum energy extracted from the collision of two particles near the Kerr-Newman black hole with WGC condition. We consider the collision process when two particles collide in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-10 E. Naghd Mezerji , J. Sadeghi , B. Pourhassan

The center of mass (CM) energy in a collisional Penrose process - a collision taking place within the ergosphere of a Kerr black hole - can diverge under suitable extreme conditions (maximal Kerr, near horizon collision and suitable impact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-02 Elly Leiderschneider , Tsvi Piran

Black holes are the simplest macroscopic objects, and provide unique tests of General Relativity. They have been compared to the Hydrogen atom in quantum mechanics. Here, we establish a few facts about the simplest systems bound by gravity:…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-07 Laura Bernard , Vitor Cardoso , Taishi Ikeda , Miguel Zilhao

Black holes in Lorentz-violating theories have been claimed to violate the second law of thermodynamics by perpetual motion energy extraction. We revisit this question for a Penrose splitting process in a spherically symmetric setting with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-25 Robert Benkel , Jishnu Bhattacharyya , Jorma Louko , David Mattingly , Thomas P. Sotiriou

The particle dynamics and the electric Penrose process for the five-dimensional weakly charged Schwarzschild black hole are studied. Firstly, the horizon structure and the effective potential for the test particle are explored. The radial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-05 Tursunali Xamidov , Mirzabek Alloqulov , Sanjar Shaymatov

In a paper posted on the arXiv a few weeks ago Berti, Brito and Cardoso \cite{Berti+14} suggest that ultra-high-energy particles can emerge from collisions in a black hole's ergosphere. This can happen if the process involves a particle on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-01-13 Elly Leiderschneider , Tsvi Piran

Recent general relativistic MHD simulations have suggested that relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been powered by rotational energy of central black holes. Some mechanisms of extraction of black hole rotational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-22 Shinji Koide , Tamon Baba

In this paper, we investigate the Penrose process in the purlieus of the axially symmetric magnetized Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole for both neutral and charged particles. We start with the study of the geometry of the black hole and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-26 Sanjar Shaymatov , Pankaj Sheoran , Ricardo Becerril , Ulises Nucamendi , Bobomurat Ahmedov

Production and acceleration mechanisms of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) of energy $>10^{20}$eV, clearly beyond the GZK-cutoff limit remain unclear that points to exotic nature of the phenomena. Recent observations of extragalactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-26 Arman Tursunov , Zdeněk Stuchlík , Martin Kološ , Naresh Dadhich , Bobomurat Ahmedov

The neutral particle motion around rotating regular black hole that was derived from the Ay\'{o}n-Beato-Garc\'{i}a black hole solution by the Newman-Janis algorithm in the preceding paper [Phys. Rev. D 89, 104017, (2014)] has been studied.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-22 Bobir Toshmatov , Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov , Bobomurat Ahmedov , Zdenek Stuchlík

We study energy extraction and particle acceleration in the rotating Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion (EMDA) black hole, focusing on the impact of dilaton hair $b\le 0$ on near-horizon energetics relative to Kerr. For the Penrose process we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-20 Arindam Kumar Chatterjee