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Conflict of interest is the permanent companion of any population of agents (computational or biological). For that reason, the ability to compromise is of paramount importance, making voting a key element of societal mechanisms. One of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-10 Arne Recknagel , Tarek R. Besold

There is a movement in design of experiments away from the classic randomization put forward by Fisher, Cochran and others to one based on optimization. In fixed-sample trials comparing two groups, measurements of subjects are known in…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-22 Adam Kapelner , Abba M. Krieger , Uri Shalit , David Azriel

In 1977, Young proposed a voting scheme that extends the Condorcet Principle based on the fewest possible number of voters whose removal yields a Condorcet winner. We prove that both the winner and the ranking problem for Young elections is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Jörg Rothe , Holger Spakowski , Jörg Vogel

Preference rankings virtually appear in all field of science (political sciences, behavioral sciences, machine learning, decision making and so on). The well-know social choice problem consists in trying to find a reasonable procedure to…

Computation · Statistics 2015-09-04 Sonia Amodio , Antonio D'Ambrosio , Roberta Siciliano

We consider election scenarios with incomplete information, a situation that arises often in practice. There are several models of incomplete information and accordingly, different notions of outcomes of such elections. In one well-studied…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Palash Dey , Neeldhara Misra

Across science and policy, decision-makers often need to draw conclusions about the best candidate among competing alternatives. For instance, researchers may seek to infer the effectiveness of the most successful treatment or determine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-28 Tijana Zrnic , William Fithian

The computational study of elections generally assumes that the preferences of the electorate come in as a list of votes. Depending on the context, it may be much more natural to represent the list succinctly, as the distinct votes of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Zack Fitzsimmons , Edith Hemaspaandra

Consider $2k-1$ voters, each of which has a preference ranking between $n$ given alternatives. An alternative $A$ is called a Condorcet winner, if it wins against every other alternative $B$ in majority voting (meaning that for every other…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-03-28 Lisa Sauermann

We investigate issues related to two hard problems related to voting, the optimal weighted lobbying problem and the winner problem for Dodgson elections. Regarding the former, Christian et al. [CFRS06] showed that optimal lobbying is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gabor Erdelyi , Lane A. Hemaspaandra , Joerg Rothe , Holger Spakowski

Rank aggregation is an essential approach for aggregating the preferences of multiple agents. One rule of particular interest is the Kemeny rule, which maximises the number of pairwise agreements between the final ranking and the existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Gattaca Lv

We view voting rules as classifiers that assign a winner (a class) to a profile of voters' preferences (an instance). We propose to apply techniques from formal explainability, most notably abductive and contrastive explanations, to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Clément Contet , Umberto Grandi , Jérôme Mengin

We investigate winner determination for two popular proportional representation systems: the Monroe and Chamberlin-Courant (abbrv. CC) systems. Our study focuses on (nearly) single-peaked resp. single-crossing preferences. We show that for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Jiehua Chen , Christian Hatschka , Sofia Simola

We characterize the class of committee scoring rules that satisfy the fixed-majority criterion. In some sense, the committee scoring rules in this class are multiwinner analogues of the single-winner Plurality rule, which is uniquely…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Piotr Faliszewski , Piotr Skowron , Arkadii Slinko , Nimrod Talmon

The quest for quantum computers is motivated by their potential for solving problems that defy existing, classical, computers. The theory of computational complexity, one of the crown jewels of computer science, provides a rigorous…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-09-10 C. R. Laumann , R. Moessner , A. Scardicchio , S. L. Sondhi

It is important to understand how the outcome of an election can be modified by an agent with control over the structure of the election. Electoral control has been studied for many election systems, but for all studied systems the winner…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Zack Fitzsimmons , Edith Hemaspaandra , Alexander Hoover , David E. Narváez

We survey the average-case complexity of problems in NP. We discuss various notions of good-on-average algorithms, and present completeness results due to Impagliazzo and Levin. Such completeness results establish the fact that if a certain…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Andrej Bogdanov , Luca Trevisan

We focus on a generalization of the classic Minisum approval voting rule, introduced by Barrot and Lang (2016), and referred to as Conditional Minisum (CMS), for multi-issue elections with preferential dependencies. Under this rule, voters…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Evangelos Markakis , Georgios Papasotiropoulos

We prove that it is NP-hard to properly PAC learn decision trees with queries, resolving a longstanding open problem in learning theory (Bshouty 1993; Guijarro-Lavin-Raghavan 1999; Mehta-Raghavan 2002; Feldman 2016). While there has been a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Caleb Koch , Carmen Strassle , Li-Yang Tan

Various voting rules are based on ranking the candidates by scores induced by aggregating voter preferences. A winner (respectively, unique winner) is a candidate who receives a score not smaller than (respectively, strictly greater than)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Aviram Imber , Benny Kimelfeld

We consider the problem of predicting winners in elections, for the case where we are given complete knowledge about all possible candidates, all possible voters (together with their preferences), but where it is uncertain either which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-27 Krzysztof Wojtas , Krzysztof Magiera , Tomasz Miąsko , Piotr Faliszewski