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Recently developed physics-informed neural network (PINN) has achieved success in many science and engineering disciplines by encoding physics laws into the loss functions of the neural network, such that the network not only conforms to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-17 Weiqi Ji , Weilun Qiu , Zhiyu Shi , Shaowu Pan , Sili Deng

While the popularity of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) is steadily rising, to this date, PINNs have not been successful in simulating multi-scale and singular perturbation problems. In this work, we present a new training paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Zhiwei Fang , Sifan Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are effective in solving integer-order partial differential equations (PDEs) based on scattered and noisy data. PINNs employ standard feedforward neural networks (NNs) with the PDEs explicitly…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-11-03 Guofei Pang , Lu Lu , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted a lot of attention in scientific computing as their functional representation of partial differential equation (PDE) solutions offers flexibility and accuracy features. However, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xinquan Huang , Tariq Alkhalifah

While the popularity of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) is steadily rising, to this date PINNs have not been successful in simulating dynamical systems whose solution exhibits multi-scale, chaotic or turbulent behavior. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Sifan Wang , Shyam Sankaran , Paris Perdikaris

Recent work provides promising evidence that Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) can efficiently solve partial differential equations (PDE). However, previous works have failed to provide guarantees on the worst-case residual error of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Francisco Eiras , Adel Bibi , Rudy Bunel , Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham , Philip Torr , M. Pawan Kumar

Machine learning techniques have proven to be effective in addressing the structure of atomic nuclei. Physics$-$Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a promising machine learning technique suitable for solving integro-differential problems…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Lorenzo Brevi , Antonio Mandarino , Carlo Barbieri , Enrico Prati

Efficient and robust optimization is essential for neural networks, enabling scientific machine learning models to converge rapidly to very high accuracy -- faithfully capturing complex physical behavior governed by differential equations.…

PDEs arise ubiquitously in science and engineering, where solutions depend on parameters (physical properties, boundary conditions, geometry). Traditional numerical methods require re-solving the PDE for each parameter, making parameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Zhuo Zhang , Xiong Xiong , Sen Zhang , Yuan Zhao , Xi Yang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising deep learning method, capable of solving forward and inverse problems governed by differential equations. Despite their recent advance, it is widely acknowledged that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Franz M. Rohrhofer , Stefan Posch , Clemens Gößnitzer , Bernhard C. Geiger

In this paper, we review the new method Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) that has become the main pillar in scientific machine learning, we present recent practical extensions, and provide a specific example in data-driven discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Maziar Raissi , Paris Perdikaris , Nazanin Ahmadi , George Em Karniadakis

In recent years, Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) have gained increasing popularity. Within such a paradigm, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are novel deep learning…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Pasquale Ambrosio , Salvatore Cuomo , Mariapia De Rosa

Quantum state tomography (QST) faces exponential measurement requirements and noise sensitivity in multi-qubit systems, bottlenecking practical quantum technologies. We present a physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework integrating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Changchun Feng , Laifa Tao , Lin Chen

Singularly perturbed problems are known to have solutions with steep boundary layers that are hard to resolve numerically. Traditional numerical methods, such as Finite Difference Methods (FDMs), require a refined mesh to obtain stable and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Jiajing Guan , Howard Elman

Deep learning has been shown to be an effective tool in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) through physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs embed the PDE residual into the loss function of the neural network, and have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jeremy Yu , Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , George Em Karniadakis

Form-finding of unilateral membrane structures is commonly addressed by solving equilibrium equations with Finite Element Methods (FEMs). This paper investigates Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) as an alternative, where the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Luigi Sibille , Sigrid Adriaenssens , Carlo Olivieri

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have revolutionized solving differential equations by integrating physical laws into neural networks training. This paper explores PINNs for open-loop optimal control problems (OCPs) with incomplete…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Alessandro Alla , Giulia Bertaglia , Elisa Calzola

This work addresses the development of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) with a loss term derived from a discretized time-dependent reduced-order system. In this work, first, the governing equations are discretized using a finite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Rahul Halder , Giovanni Stabile , Gianluigi Rozza

The present work is focused on exploring convergence of Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) when applied to a specific class of second-order fully nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). It is well-known that as the number of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Avetik Arakelyan , Rafayel Barkhudaryan

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been emerging as a powerful computational tool for solving differential equations. However, the applicability of these models is still in its initial stages and requires more standardization to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Afila Ajithkumar Sophiya , Akarsh K Nair , Sepehr Maleki , Senthil K. Krishnababu