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Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been widely used in various application scenarios. Since the production of a commercial GAN requires substantial computational and human resources, the copyright protection of GANs is urgently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Guanlin Li , Guowen Xu , Han Qiu , Shangwei Guo , Run Wang , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang , Rongxing Lu

This paper proposes DeepMarks, a novel end-to-end framework for systematic fingerprinting in the context of Deep Learning (DL). Remarkable progress has been made in the area of deep learning. Sharing the trained DL models has become a trend…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rohani , Farinaz Koushanfar

Knowledge distillation transfers large teacher models to compact student models, enabling deployment on resource-limited platforms while suffering minimal performance degradation. However, this paradigm could lead to various security risks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ning Lyu , Yuntao Liu , Yonghong Bai , Zhiyuan Yan

Capitalise on deep learning models, offering Natural Language Processing (NLP) solutions as a part of the Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has generated handsome revenues. At the same time, it is known that the creation of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Zhi Qin Tan , Hao Shan Wong , Chee Seng Chan

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), as valuable intellectual property, face unauthorized use. Existing protections, such as digital watermarking, are largely passive; they provide only post-hoc ownership verification and cannot actively prevent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Han Yang , Shaofeng Li , Tian Dong , Xiangyu Xu , Guangchi Liu , Zhen Ling

Aggressive time-to-market constraints and enormous hardware design and fabrication costs have pushed the semiconductor industry toward hardware Intellectual Properties (IP) core design. However, the globalization of the integrated circuits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Rozhin Yasaei , Shih-Yuan Yu , Emad Kasaeyan Naeini , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

More and more companies' Intellectual Property (IP) is being integrated into Neural Network (NN) models. This IP has considerable value for companies and, therefore, requires adequate protection. For example, an attacker might replicate a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Daniel Dorfmeister , Flavio Ferrarotti , Bernhard Fischer , Martin Schwandtner , Hannes Sochor

Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved remarkable performance in various fields. However, training a DNN model from scratch requires a lot of computing resources and training data. It is difficult for most individual users to obtain such…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Haoqi Wang , Mingfu Xue , Shichang Sun , Yushu Zhang , Jian Wang , Weiqiang Liu

Trained Deep Neural Network (DNN) models are considered valuable Intellectual Properties (IP) in several business models. Prevention of IP theft and unauthorized usage of such DNN models has been raised as of significant concern by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Manaar Alam , Sayandeep Saha , Debdeep Mukhopadhyay , Sandip Kundu

Watermarking has become the tendency in protecting the intellectual property of DNN models. Recent works, from the adversary's perspective, attempted to subvert watermarking mechanisms by designing watermark removal attacks. However, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Han Qiu , Yi Zeng , Tao Xiang , Yang Liu

Pretraining on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has shown great power in facilitating various downstream tasks. As pretraining generally requires huge amount of data and computational resources, the pretrained GNNs are high-value Intellectual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Enyan Dai , Minhua Lin , Suhang Wang

The intellectual property of deep neural network (DNN) models can be protected with DNN watermarking, which embeds copyright watermarks into model parameters (white-box), model behavior (black-box), or model outputs (box-free), and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Haonan An , Guang Hua , Yu Guo , Hangcheng Cao , Susanto Rahardja , Yuguang Fang

Natural language processing (NLP) technology has shown great commercial value in applications such as sentiment analysis. But NLP models are vulnerable to the threat of pirated redistribution, damaging the economic interests of model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Long Dai , Jiarong Mao , Xuefeng Fan , Xiaoyi Zhou

With the increasing prevalence of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms, there is a growing focus on deep neural network (DNN) watermarking techniques. These methods are used to facilitate the verification of ownership for a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yuxuan Li , Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Yunhui Guo

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are extensively employed in a wide range of application scenarios. Generally, training a commercially viable neural network requires significant amounts of data and computing resources, and it is easy for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Huali Ren , Anli Yan , Xiaojun Ren , Pei-Gen Ye , Chong-zhi Gao , Zhili Zhou , Jin Li

Protecting deep neural networks (DNNs) against intellectual property (IP) infringement has attracted an increasing attention in recent years. Recent advances focus on IP protection of generative models, which embed the watermark information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Li Zhang , Yong Liu , Xinpeng Zhang , Hanzhou Wu

The proliferation of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) in commercial applications is expanding rapidly. Simultaneously, the increasing complexity and cost of training DNN models have intensified the urgency surrounding the protection of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Junlong Mao , Huiyi Tang , Yi Zhang , Fengxia Liu , Zhiyong Zheng , Shanxiang Lyu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are valuable intellectual property, yet many watermarks rely on backdoor triggers that break under common model edits and create ownership ambiguity. We present InvGNN-WM, which ties ownership to a model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jipeng Li , Yannning Shen

Large language models (LLMs) are considered valuable Intellectual Properties (IP) for legitimate owners due to the enormous computational cost of training. It is crucial to protect the IP of LLMs from malicious stealing or unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuliang Yan , Haochun Tang , Shuo Yan , Enyan Dai

Wide deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) based applications (e.g., style transfer, cartoonish), stimulating the requirement of copyright protection of such application's production. Although some traditional visible copyright…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Donghua Wang , Wen Yao , Tingsong Jiang , Weien Zhou , Lang Lin , Xiaoqian Chen