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We have witnessed lately a rapid proliferation of advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) capable of generating high-quality text. While these LLMs have revolutionized text generation across various domains, they also pose significant risks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Tharindu Kumarage , Garima Agrawal , Paras Sheth , Raha Moraffah , Aman Chadha , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

Large language models (LLMs) successfully model natural language from vast amounts of text without the need for explicit supervision. In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of LLMs in modeling passwords. We present PassGPT, a LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Javier Rando , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Briland Hitaj

Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT, have significantly reshaped text generation, particularly in the realm of writing assistance. While ethical considerations underscore the importance of transparently acknowledging LLM…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Teddy Lazebnik , Ariel Rosenfeld

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has blurred the line between human and AI-generated texts, raising urgent questions about academic integrity, intellectual property, and the spread of misinformation. Thus,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sharanya Parimanoharan , Ruwan D. Nawarathna

While extensive research has focused on ChatGPT in recent years, very few studies have systematically quantified and compared linguistic features between human-written and artificial intelligence (AI)-generated language. This exploratory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Georgios P. Georgiou

Generative language models have improved drastically, and can now produce realistic text outputs that are difficult to distinguish from human-written content. For malicious actors, these language models bring the promise of automating the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Josh A. Goldstein , Girish Sastry , Micah Musser , Renee DiResta , Matthew Gentzel , Katerina Sedova

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT released by OpenAI, have attracted significant attention from both industry and academia due to their demonstrated ability to generate high-quality content for various tasks. Despite the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xiaodan Xu , Chao Ni , Xinrong Guo , Shaoxuan Liu , Xiaoya Wang , Kui Liu , Xiaohu Yang

Generative AI and misinformation research has evolved since our 2024 survey. This paper presents an updated perspective, transitioning from literature review to practical countermeasures. We report on changes in the threat landscape,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Alexander Loth , Martin Kappes , Marc-Oliver Pahl

Moderating offensive, hateful, and toxic language has always been an important but challenging topic in the domain of safe use in NLP. The emerging large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, can potentially further accentuate this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Boyang Zhang , Xinyue Shen , Wai Man Si , Zeyang Sha , Zeyuan Chen , Ahmed Salem , Yun Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

In an era where digital threats are increasingly sophisticated, the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and cybersecurity presents both promising defenses and potent dangers. This paper delves into the escalating threat posed by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yusuf Usman , Aadesh Upadhyay , Prashnna Gyawali , Robin Chataut

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling applications from content generation to decision support. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves LLMs by incorporating external knowledge but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zirui Cheng , Jikai Sun , Anjun Gao , Yueyang Quan , Zhuqing Liu , Xiaohua Hu , Minghong Fang

With the launch of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have attracted global attention. In the realm of article writing, LLMs have witnessed extensive utilization, giving rise to concerns related to intellectual property protection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

With the rise of prolific ChatGPT, the risk and consequences of AI-generated text has increased alarmingly. To address the inevitable question of ownership attribution for AI-generated artifacts, the US Copyright Office released a statement…

The spread of fake news has emerged as a critical challenge, undermining trust and posing threats to society. In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), the capability to generate believable fake content has intensified these concerns. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Jinyan Su , Terry Yue Zhuo , Jonibek Mansurov , Di Wang , Preslav Nakov

AI generated content (AIGC) presents considerable challenge to educators around the world. Instructors need to be able to detect such text generated by large language models, either with the naked eye or with the help of some tools. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yikang Liu , Ziyin Zhang , Wanyang Zhang , Shisen Yue , Xiaojing Zhao , Xinyuan Cheng , Yiwen Zhang , Hai Hu

With the release of ChatGPT in 2022, generative AI has significantly lowered the cost of polishing and rewriting text. Due to its widespread usage, conference organizers instated specific requirements researchers need to adhere to when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Daan Vansteenhuyse

Recently, researchers have made considerable improvements in dialogue systems with the progress of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4. These LLM-based chatbots encode the potential biases while retaining disparities that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Hsuan Su , Cheng-Chu Cheng , Hua Farn , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

With the rise of advanced natural language models like GPT, distinguishing between human-written and GPT-generated text has become increasingly challenging and crucial across various domains, including academia. The long-standing issue of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 A. Selvioğlu , V. Adanova , M. Atagoziev

The growing popularity of neural machine translation (NMT) and LLMs represented by ChatGPT underscores the need for a deeper understanding of their distinct characteristics and relationships. Such understanding is crucial for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhaokun Jiang , Qianxi Lv , Ziyin Zhang , Lei Lei