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Machine learning encompasses a set of tools and algorithms which are now becoming popular in almost all scientific and technological fields. This is true for molecular dynamics as well, where machine learning offers promises of extracting…

Machine learning force fields (MLFFs) are a promising approach to balance the accuracy of quantum mechanics with the efficiency of classical potentials, yet selecting an optimal model amid increasingly diverse architectures that delivers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Bangchen Yin , Yue Yin , Yuda W. Tang , Hai Xiao

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a widely-used tool for simulating the molecular and materials properties. It is a common wisdom that molecular dynamics simulations should obey physical laws and, hence, lots of effort is put into ensuring that…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Lina Zhang , Yi-Fan Hou , Fuchun Ge , Pavlo O. Dral

To address the computational challenges of ab initio molecular dynamics and the accuracy limitations of empirical force fields, the introduction of machine learning force fields has proven effective in various systems including metals and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-18 Junbao Hu , Liyang Zhou , Jian Jiang

Modern language models (LMs) pose a new challenge in capability assessment. Static benchmarks inevitably saturate without providing confidence in the deployment tolerances of LM-based systems, but developers nonetheless claim that their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Michael Saxon , Ari Holtzman , Peter West , William Yang Wang , Naomi Saphra

Machine-learned force fields (MLFFs), especially pre-trained foundation models, are transforming computational materials science by enabling ab initio-level accuracy at molecular dynamics scales. Yet their rapid rise raises a key question:…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Yi Cao , Paulette Clancy

Many aspects of the study of protein folding and dynamics have been affected by the recent advances in machine learning. Methods for the prediction of protein structures from their sequences are now heavily based on machine learning tools.…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-11-25 Frank Noé , Gianni De Fabritiis , Cecilia Clementi

Machine learning techniques are essential tools to compute efficient, yet accurate, force fields for atomistic simulations. This approach has recently been extended to incorporate quantum computational methods, making use of variational…

Machine learning (ML) needs industry-standard performance benchmarks to support design and competitive evaluation of the many emerging software and hardware solutions for ML. But ML training presents three unique benchmarking challenges…

Reconstructing force fields (FFs) from atomistic simulation data is a challenge since accurate data can be highly expensive. Here, machine learning (ML) models can help to be data economic as they can be successfully constrained using the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Niklas Frederik Schmitz , Klaus-Robert Müller , Stefan Chmiela

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful and popular tool for understanding the dynamical evolution of materials at the nano and mesoscopic scales. There are various flavors of MD ranging from the high fidelity albeit computationally expensive…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 Rohit Batra , Subramanian Sankaranarayanan

Modern machine learning force fields (ML-FF) are able to yield energy and force predictions at the accuracy of high-level $ab~initio$ methods, but at a much lower computational cost. On the other hand, classical molecular mechanics force…

This review article provides an overview of structurally oriented experimental datasets that can be used to benchmark protein force fields, focusing on data generated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and room temperature…

Classical empirical force fields have dominated biomolecular simulation for over 50 years. Although widely used in drug discovery, crystal structure prediction, and biomolecular dynamics, they generally lack the accuracy and transferability…

Meshfree simulation methods are emerging as compelling alternatives to conventional mesh-based approaches, particularly in the fields of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and continuum mechanics. In this publication, we provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Paulami Banerjee , Mohan Padmanabha , Chaitanya Sanghavi , Isabel Michel , Simone Gramsch

Biomolecular thermodynamics and spectroscopy depend on relative conformer energies, local curvatures, and collective dipole fluctuations on the potential-energy surface. Conventional molecular mechanics force fields enable large-scale…

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly adopted in scientific research, yet the quality and reliability of results often depend on how experiments are designed and documented. Poor baselines, inconsistent preprocessing, or insufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Umberto Michelucci , Francesca Venturini

The MACE architecture represents the state of the art in the field of machine learning force fields for a variety of in-domain, extrapolation and low-data regime tasks. In this paper, we further evaluate MACE by fitting models for published…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 David Peter Kovacs , Ilyes Batatia , Eszter Sara Arany , Gabor Csanyi

Machine learning force fields (MLFFs) are gaining attention as an alternative to classical force fields (FFs) by using deep learning models trained on density functional theory (DFT) data to improve interatomic potential accuracy. In this…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Anseong Park , Jaeyune Ryu , Won Bo Lee

Machine-learned force fields have generated significant interest in recent years as a tool for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, with the aim of developing accurate and efficient models that can replace classical interatomic potentials.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Shaswat Mohanty , Sanghyuk Yoo , Keonwook Kang , Wei Cai