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With the proliferation of distributed data sources, Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a key approach to enable collaborative intelligence through decentralized model training while preserving data privacy. However, conventional FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Noorain Mukhtiar , Adnan Mahmood , Quan Z. Sheng

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) gives the promise that an agent learns good policy from high-dimensional information, whereas representation learning removes irrelevant and redundant information and retains pertinent information. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Qiang He , Huangyuan Su , Jieyu Zhang , Xinwen Hou

The growing literature of Federated Learning (FL) has recently inspired Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) to encourage multiple agents to federatively build a better decision-making policy without sharing raw trajectories. Despite its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Yining Ma , Zhongxiang Dai , Wei Jing , Cheston Tan , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

The rapid developments of various machine learning models and their deployments in several applications has led to discussions around the importance of looking beyond the accuracies of these models. Fairness of such models is one such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Biswajit Rout , Ananya B. Sai , Arun Rajkumar

Recent research has shown that seemingly fair machine learning models, when used to inform decisions that have an impact on peoples' lives or well-being (e.g., applications involving education, employment, and lending), can inadvertently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Aline Weber , Blossom Metevier , Yuriy Brun , Philip S. Thomas , Bruno Castro da Silva

This study explores integrating reinforcement learning (RL) with idealised climate models to address key parameterisation challenges in climate science. Current climate models rely on complex mathematical parameterisations to represent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Pritthijit Nath , Henry Moss , Emily Shuckburgh , Mark Webb

Causal Representation Learning (CRL) aims at identifying high-level causal factors and their relationships from high-dimensional observations, e.g., images. While most CRL works focus on learning causal representations in a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Davide Talon , Phillip Lippe , Stuart James , Alessio Del Bue , Sara Magliacane

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) delivers substantial value in knowledge-intensive applications. However, its generated responses often lack transparent reasoning paths that trace back to source evidence from retrieved documents. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jingyi Ren , Yekun Xu , Xiaolong Wang , Weitao Li , Ante Wang , Weizhi Ma , Yang Liu

Data sets for fairness relevant tasks can lack examples or be biased according to a specific label in a sensitive attribute. We demonstrate the usefulness of weight based meta-learning approaches in such situations. For models that can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Dylan Slack , Sorelle Friedler , Emile Givental

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an important machine learning paradigm for solving sequential decision-making problems. Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in this field due to the rapid development of deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Chaofan Pan , Xin Yang , Yanhua Li , Wei Wei , Tianrui Li , Bo An , Jiye Liang

We present an optimization framework for learning a fair classifier in the presence of noisy perturbations in the protected attributes. Compared to prior work, our framework can be employed with a very general class of linear and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 L. Elisa Celis , Lingxiao Huang , Vijay Keswani , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Discrimination can occur when the underlying unbiased labels are overwritten by an agent with potential bias, resulting in biased datasets that unfairly harm specific groups and cause classifiers to inherit these biases. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yixuan Zhang , Boyu Li , Zenan Ling , Feng Zhou

The popularity of machine learning has increased the risk of unfair models getting deployed in high-stake applications, such as justice system, drug/vaccination design, and medical diagnosis. Although there are effective methods to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Mohit Bajaj , Lingyang Chu , Vittorio Romaniello , Gursimran Singh , Jian Pei , Zirui Zhou , Lanjun Wang , Yong Zhang

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is playing an increasingly important role in real-world applications. However, obtaining an optimally performing DRL agent for complex tasks, especially with sparse rewards, remains a significant challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Zelei Cheng , Xian Wu , Jiahao Yu , Sabrina Yang , Gang Wang , Xinyu Xing

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of robotic reinforcement learning (RL), enabling methods that handle complex image observations, train in the real world, and incorporate auxiliary data, such as…

In this work, we address the problem of determining reliable policies in reinforcement learning (RL), with a focus on optimization under uncertainty and the need for performance guarantees. While classical RL algorithms aim at maximizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Nadir Farhi

Offline imitation learning (offline IL) enables training effective policies without requiring explicit reward annotations. Recent approaches attempt to estimate rewards for unlabeled datasets using a small set of expert demonstrations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Shengjie Sun , Jiafei Lyu , Runze Liu , Mengbei Yan , Bo Liu , Deheng Ye , Xiu Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) in the real world necessitates the development of procedures that enable agents to explore without causing harm to themselves or others. The most successful solutions to the problem of safe RL leverage offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Alexander Quessy , Thomas Richardson , Sebastian East

As federated learning gains increasing importance in real-world applications due to its capacity for decentralized data training, addressing fairness concerns across demographic groups becomes critically important. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-16 Qichuan Yin , Zexian Wang , Junzhou Huang , Huaxiu Yao , Linjun Zhang

Learning from real-world data is frequently hindered by the compound challenge of long-tailed class distributions and noisy annotations. Existing methods partially address these issues but typically ignore the non-uniform impact of label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mengke Li , Haiquan Ling , Lihao Chen , Yang Lu , Yiqun Zhang , Hui Huang