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We propose a novel approach to address one aspect of the non-stationarity problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL), where the other agents may alter their policies due to environment changes during execution. This violates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Yixiang Wang , Feng Wu

We propose using deep reinforcement learning to solve dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. Agents are represented by deep artificial neural networks and learn to solve their dynamic optimisation problem by interacting with the…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-06 Mingli Chen , Andreas Joseph , Michael Kumhof , Xinlei Pan , Xuan Zhou

Traditional economic models often rely on fixed assumptions about market dynamics, limiting their ability to capture the complexities and stochastic nature of real-world scenarios. However, reality is more complex and includes noise, making…

We study the problem of training a principal in a multi-agent general-sum game using reinforcement learning (RL). Learning a robust principal policy requires anticipating the worst possible strategic responses of other agents, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Eric Zhao , Alexander R. Trott , Caiming Xiong , Stephan Zheng

This paper investigates the dynamics of competition among organizations with unequal expertise. Multi-agent reinforcement learning has been used to simulate and understand the impact of various incentive schemes designed to offset such…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Paramita Koley , Aurghya Maiti , Sourangshu Bhattacharya , Niloy Ganguly

We propose a multi-agent distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that balances between potentially conflicting short-term reward and sparse, delayed long-term reward, and learns with partial information in a dynamic environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jing Tan , Ramin Khalili , Holger Karl

In this paper, we investigate whether deep reinforcement-learning agents interacting in a shared optimal-execution environment can sustain supra-competitive outcomes, in the sense of achieving lower implementation shortfalls than the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-22 Christos Spyridon Koulouris , Carlo Campajola

We present a novel negotiation model that allows an agent to learn how to negotiate during concurrent bilateral negotiations in unknown and dynamic e-markets. The agent uses an actor-critic architecture with model-free reinforcement…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Pallavi Bagga , Nicola Paoletti , Bedour Alrayes , Kostas Stathis

The objectives of option hedging/trading extend beyond mere protection against downside risks, with a desire to seek gains also driving agent's strategies. In this study, we showcase the potential of robust risk-aware reinforcement learning…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-12-27 David Wu , Sebastian Jaimungal

We study a heterogeneous agent macroeconomic model with an infinite number of households and firms competing in a labor market. Each household earns income and engages in consumption at each time step while aiming to maximize a concave…

General Economics · Economics 2023-03-10 Ruitu Xu , Yifei Min , Tianhao Wang , Zhaoran Wang , Michael I. Jordan , Zhuoran Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework to optimize a control policy using rewards that are revealed by the system as a response to a control action. In its standard form, RL involves a single agent that uses its policy to accomplish a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-24 Juan Cervino , Juan Andres Bazerque , Miguel Calvo-Fullana , Alejandro Ribeiro

Fairness plays a crucial role in various multi-agent systems (e.g., communication networks, financial markets, etc.). Many multi-agent dynamical interactions can be cast as Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). While existing research has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Peizhong Ju , Arnob Ghosh , Ness B. Shroff

The standard Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) framework primarily focuses on optimizing the performance of large language models using pre-collected prompts. However, collecting prompts that provide comprehensive coverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rui Zheng , Hongyi Guo , Zhihan Liu , Xiaoying Zhang , Yuanshun Yao , Xiaojun Xu , Zhaoran Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Hang Li , Yang Liu

Autonomous and learning agents increasingly participate in markets - setting prices, placing bids, ordering inventory. Such agents are not just aiming to optimize in an uncertain environment; they are making decisions in a game-theoretical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Martin Bichler , Julius Durmann , Matthias Oberlechner

The recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has established their potential as autonomous interactive agents. However, they often struggle in strategic games of incomplete information, such as bilateral price negotiation. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuze Daniel Liu , Claire Chen , Jiabao Sean Xiao , Lei Lei , Yuheng Zhang , Yisong Yue , David Simchi-Levi

Asset allocation (or portfolio management) is the task of determining how to optimally allocate funds of a finite budget into a range of financial instruments/assets such as stocks. This study investigated the performance of reinforcement…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-22 Adebayo Oshingbesan , Eniola Ajiboye , Peruth Kamashazi , Timothy Mbaka

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved outstanding results in recent years, which has led a dramatic increase in the number of methods and applications. Recent works are exploring learning beyond single-agent scenarios and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Yunlong Lu , Kai Yan

Many potential applications of reinforcement learning in the real world involve interacting with other agents whose numbers vary over time. We propose new neural policy architectures for these multi-agent problems. In contrast to other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Matthew A. Wright , Roberto Horowitz

Modern multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms hold great potential for solving a variety of real-world problems. However, they do not fully exploit cross-agent knowledge to reduce sample complexity and improve performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Haozhi Wang , Yinchuan Li , Qing Wang , Yunfeng Shao , Jianye Hao

Learning how to adapt to complex and dynamic environments is one of the most important factors that contribute to our intelligence. Endowing artificial agents with this ability is not a simple task, particularly in competitive scenarios. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Pablo Barros , Ana Tanevska , Alessandra Sciutti