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Graph states are a class of multi-partite entangled quantum states that are ubiquitous in quantum information. We study equivalence relations between graph states under local unitaries (LU) to obtain distinguishing methods both in local and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Lina Vandré , Jarn de Jong , Frederik Hahn , Adam Burchardt , Otfried Gühne , Anna Pappa

We investigate the non-local properties of graph states. To this aim, we derive a family of Bell inequalities which require three measurement settings for each party and are maximally violated by graph states. In turn, for each graph state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Otfried Guehne , Geza Toth , Philipp Hyllus , Hans J. Briegel

We propose a communication-assisted local-hidden-variable model that yields the correct outcome for the measurement of any product of Pauli operators on an arbitrary graph state, i.e., that yields the correct global correlation among the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-22 Jonathan Barrett , Carlton M. Caves , Bryan Eastin , Matthew B. Elliott , Stefano Pironio

According to Bell's theorem, certain entangled states cannot be simulated classically using local hidden variables (LHV). But if can we augment LHV by classical communication, how many bits are needed to simulate them? There is a strong…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 István Márton , Erika Bene , Péter Diviánszky , Tamás Vértesi

Graph states are special entangled states advantageous for many quantum technologies, including quantum error correction, multiparty quantum communication and measurement-based quantum computation. Yet, their fidelity is often disrupted by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Shahar Silberstein , Rotem Arnon

Non-symmetric GHZ states ($n$-GHZ$_\alpha$), defined by unequal superpositions of $|00...0>$ and $|11...1>$, naturally emerge in experiments due to decoherence, control errors, and state preparation imperfections. Despite their relevance in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Hrachya Zakaryan , Konstantinos-Rafail Revis , Zahra Raissi

We present Bell inequalities for graph states with high violation of local realism. In particular, we show that there is a two-setting Bell inequality for every nontrivial graph state which is violated by the state at least by a factor of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Geza Toth , Otfried Guehne , Hans J. Briegel

Hypergraph states, a generalization of graph states, constitute a large class of quantum states with intriguing non-local properties and have promising applications in quantum information science and technology. In this paper, we generalize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-13 Fei-Lei Xiong , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Wen-Fei Cao , Kai Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

Hypergraph states are multi-qubit states that form a subset of the locally maximally entangleable states and a generalization of the well--established notion of graph states. Mathematically, they can conveniently be described by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-11 O. Gühne , M. Cuquet , F. E. S. Steinhoff , T. Moroder , M. Rossi , D. Bruß , B. Kraus , C. Macchiavello

Bell's theorem states that Local Hidden Variables (LHVs) cannot fully explain the statistics of measurements on some entangled quantum states. It is natural to ask how much supplementary classical communication would be needed to simulate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Peter Sidajaya , Aloysius Dewen Lim , Baichu Yu , Valerio Scarani

It is known from Bell's theorem that quantum predictions for some entangled states cannot be mimicked using local hidden variable (LHV) models. From a computer science perspective, LHV models may be interpreted as classical computers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-08 T. K. Chuan , T. Paterek

Bell inequalities constitute a key tool in quantum information theory: they not only allow one to reveal nonlocality in composite quantum systems, but, more importantly, they can be used to certify relevant properties thereof. We provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 F. Baccari , R. Augusiak , I. Šupić , J. Tura , A. Acín

Multipartite entangled states are great resources for quantum networks. In this work we study the distribution, or routing, of entangled states over fixed, but arbitrary, physical networks. Our simplified model represents each use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Clément Meignant , Damian Markham , Frédéric Grosshans

The class of entangled $N$-qubit states known as graph states, and the corresponding stabilizer groups of $N$-qubit Pauli observables, have found a wide range of applications in quantum information processing and the foundations of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-26 Mordecai Waegell

We consider graph states of arbitrary number of particles undergoing generic decoherence. We present methods to obtain lower and upper bounds for the system's entanglement in terms of that of considerably smaller subsystems. For an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-15 Daniel Cavalcanti , Rafael Chaves , Leandro Aolita , Luiz Davidovich , Antonio Acin

Graph states are widely used in quantum information theory, including entanglement theory, quantum error correction, and one-way quantum computing. Graph states have a nice structure related to a certain graph, which is given by either a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-20 Shawn X Cui , Nengkun Yu , Bei Zeng

In this work, we present a comprehensive exploration of the entanglement and graph connectivity properties of graph states. We quantify the entanglement in pseudo graph states using the entanglement distance, a recently introduced measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Arthur Vesperini , Roberto Franzosi

Quantum hypergraph states are the natural generalization of graph states. Here we investigate and analytically quantify entanglement and nonlocality for large classes of quantum hypergraph states. More specifically, we connect the geometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Jan Nöller , Otfried Gühne , Mariami Gachechiladze

We investigate the Bell inequalities derived from the graph states with violations detectable even with the presence of noises, which generalizes the idea of error-correcting Bell inequalities [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 080501 (2008)]. Firstly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-20 Qing Chen , Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

A central aspect of quantum information is that correlations between spacelike separated observers sharing entangled states cannot be reproduced by local hidden variable (LHV) models, a phenomenon known as Bell nonlocality. If one wishes to…

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