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Traditional supervised learning aims to train a classifier in the closed-set world, where training and test samples share the same label space. In this paper, we target a more challenging and realistic setting: open-set learning (OSL),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Zhen Fang , Jie Lu , Anjin Liu , Feng Liu , Guangquan Zhang

Deep neural networks have made breakthroughs in a wide range of visual understanding tasks. A typical challenge that hinders their real-world applications is that unknown samples may be fed into the system during the testing phase, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Xin Sun , Chi Zhang , Guosheng Lin , Keck-Voon Ling

This paper addresses the open set recognition (OSR) problem, where the goal is to correctly classify samples of known classes while detecting unknown samples to reject. In the OSR problem, "unknown" is assumed to have infinite possibilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Jaeyeon Jang

Current state-of-the-art Wildlife classification models are trained under the closed world setting. When exposed to unknown classes, they remain overconfident in their predictions. Open-set Recognition (OSR) aims to classify known classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiahao Huo , Mufhumudzi Muthivhi , Terence L. van Zyl , Fredrik Gustafsson

Existing open-set recognition (OSR) studies typically assume that each image contains only one class label, with the unknown test set (negative) having a disjoint label space from the known test set (positive), a scenario referred to as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xu Yin , Fei Pan , Guoyuan An , Yuchi Huo , Zixuan Xie , Sung-Eui Yoon

Few-shot open-set recognition aims to classify both seen and novel images given only limited training data of seen classes. The challenge of this task is that the model is required not only to learn a discriminative classifier to classify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Nan Song , Chi Zhang , Guosheng Lin

This study investigates an application of a new probabilistic interpretation of a softmax output to Open-Set Recognition (OSR). Softmax is a mechanism wildly used in classification and object recognition. However, a softmax mechanism forces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Tatpong Katanyukul , Pisit Nakjai

Traditional machine learning follows a close-set assumption that the training and test set share the same label space. While in many practical scenarios, it is inevitable that some test samples belong to unknown classes (open-set). To fix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Zitai Wang , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Yuan He , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

In open-set recognition, existing methods generally learn statically fixed decision boundaries using known classes to reject unknown classes. Though they have achieved promising results, such decision boundaries are evidently insufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Haifeng Yang , Chuanxing Geng , Pong C. Yuen , Songcan Chen

In real-world scenarios classification models are often required to perform robustly when predicting samples belonging to classes that have not appeared during its training stage. Open Set Recognition addresses this issue by devising models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Marcos Barcina-Blanco , Jesus L. Lobo , Pablo Garcia-Bringas , Javier Del Ser

Image classification in the open-world must handle out-of-distribution (OOD) images. Systems should ideally reject OOD images, or they will map atop of known classes and reduce reliability. Using open-set classifiers that can reject OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Mohsen Jafarzadeh , Touqeer Ahmad , Akshay Raj Dhamija , Chunchun Li , Steve Cruz , Terrance E. Boult

Open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL) embodies a practical scenario within semi-supervised learning, wherein the unlabeled training set encompasses classes absent from the labeled set. Many existing OSSL methods assume that these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Erik Wallin , Lennart Svensson , Fredrik Kahl , Lars Hammarstrand

An understanding and classification of driving scenarios are important for testing and development of autonomous driving functionalities. Machine learning models are useful for scenario classification but most of them assume that data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Lakshman Balasubramanian , Friedrich Kruber , Michael Botsch , Ke Deng

Open Set Recognition (OSR) requires models not only to accurately classify known classes but also to effectively reject unknown samples. However, when unknown samples are semantically similar to known classes, inter-class overlap in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Dongdong Zhao , Ranxin Fang , Changtian Song , Zhihui Liu , Jianwen Xiang

Detecting both known and unknown objects is a fundamental skill for robot manipulation in unstructured environments. Open-set object detection (OSOD) is a promising direction to handle the problem consisting of two subtasks: objects and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhongxiang Zhou , Yifei Yang , Yue Wang , Rong Xiong

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can learn directly from raw data, resulting in exceptional performance across various research areas. However, factors present in non-controllable environments such as unlabeled datasets with varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Lucas Fernando Alvarenga e Silva , Samuel Felipe dos Santos , Nicu Sebe , Jurandy Almeida

Open-Set Object Detection (OSOD) has emerged as a contemporary research direction to address the detection of unknown objects. Recently, few works have achieved remarkable performance in the OSOD task by employing contrastive clustering to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hiran Sarkar , Vishal Chudasama , Naoyuki Onoe , Pankaj Wasnik , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Open-set recognition (OSR), the identification of novel categories, can be a critical component when deploying classification models in real-world applications. Recent work has shown that familiarity-based scoring rules such as the Maximum…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Philip Enevoldsen , Christian Gundersen , Nico Lang , Serge Belongie , Christian Igel

We introduce a challenging training scheme of conditional GANs, called open-set semi-supervised image generation, where the training dataset consists of two parts: (i) labeled data and (ii) unlabeled data with samples belonging to one of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Kai Katsumata , Duc Minh Vo , Hideki Nakayama

Much research has been conducted on both face identification and face verification, with greater focus on the latter. Research on face identification has mostly focused on using closed-set protocols, which assume that all probe images used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Manuel Günther , Steve Cruz , Ethan M. Rudd , Terrance E. Boult