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We discuss eigenstate correlations for ergodic, spatially extended many-body quantum systems, in terms of the statistical properties of matrix elements of local observables. While the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is known to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-11 Amos Chan , Andrea De Luca , J. T. Chalker

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) explains emergence of the thermodynamic equilibrium by assuming a particular structure of observable's matrix elements in the energy eigenbasis. Schematically, it postulates that off-diagonal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-11 Jiaozi Wang , Mats H. Lamann , Jonas Richter , Robin Steinigeweg , Anatoly Dymarsky , Jochen Gemmer

Generic rotationally invariant random matrix models satisfy a simple relation: the probability distribution of off-diagonal elements and the one of half the difference between any two diagonal elements coincide. In the spirit of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-15 Laura Foini , Jorge Kurchan

The emergence of statistical mechanics for isolated classical systems comes about through chaotic dynamics and ergodicity. Here we review how similar questions can be answered in quantum systems. The crucial point is that individual energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-25 Joshua M. Deutsch

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a way to understand how an isolated quantum mechanical system can be approximated by a thermal density matrix. We find a class of operators in (1+1)-$d$ conformal field theories,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-30 Pallab Basu , Diptarka Das , Shouvik Datta , Sridip Pal

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) was developed as a framework for understanding how the principles of statistical mechanics emerge in the long-time limit of isolated quantum many-body systems. Since then, ETH has shifted the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-01 Elisa Vallini , Laura Foini , Silvia Pappalardi

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which asserts that every eigenstate of a many-body quantum system is indistinguishable from a thermal ensemble, plays a pivotal role in understanding thermalization of isolated quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-27 Shoki Sugimoto , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) insists that for nonintegrable systems each energy eigenstate accurately gives microcanonical expectation values for a class of observables. As a mechanism for ETH to hold, we show that the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-15 Takaaki Monnai

We verify that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) holds universally for locally interacting quantum many-body systems. Introducing random-matrix ensembles with interactions, we numerically obtain a distribution of maximum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-31 Shoki Sugimoto , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

If we prepare an isolated, interacting quantum system in an eigenstate and perturb a local observable at an initial time, its expectation value will relax towards a thermal expectation value, even though the time evolution of the system is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Tobias Helbig , Tobias Hofmann , Ronny Thomale , Martin Greiter

The thermalization phenomenon and many-body quantum statistical properties are studied on the example of several observables in isolated spin-chain systems, both integrable and generic non-integrable ones. While diagonal matrix elements for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-01-17 Robin Steinigeweg , Jacek Herbrych , Peter Prelovšek

Matrix elements of observables in eigenstates of generic Hamiltonians are described by the Srednicki ansatz within the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We study a quantum chaotic spin-fermion model in a one-dimensional lattice,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-28 C. Schönle , D. Jansen , F. Heidrich-Meisner , L. Vidmar

We consider the statistical properties of eigenstates of the time-evolution operator in chaotic many-body quantum systems. Our focus is on correlations between eigenstates that are specific to spatially extended systems and that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Dominik Hahn , David J. Luitz , J. T. Chalker

Quantum thermalization is well understood via the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). The general form of ETH, describing all the relevant correlations of matrix elements, may be derived on the basis of a `typicality' argument of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-03-30 Silvia Pappalardi , Laura Foini , Jorge Kurchan

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) has played a major role in understanding thermodynamic phenomena in closed quantum systems. However, its connection to the timescale of thermalization for open system dynamics has remained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-30 Chi-Fang Chen , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão

Despite the unitary evolution of closed quantum systems, long-time expectation of local observables are well described by thermal ensembles, providing the foundation of quantum statistical mechanics. A promising route to understanding this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Yuke Zhang , Pengfei Zhang

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and the theory of linear response (LRT) are celebrated cornerstones of our understanding of the physics of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. While the ETH provides a generic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-29 Jonas Richter , Jochen Gemmer , Robin Steinigeweg

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) offers a universal mechanism for the approach to equilibrium of closed quantum many-body systems. So far, however, experimental studies have focused on the relaxation dynamics of observables as…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-12-15 Alexander Schuckert , Michael Knap

A plausible mechanism of thermalization in isolated quantum systems is based on the strong version of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which states that all the energy eigenstates in the microcanonical energy shell have…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-23 Toru Yoshizawa , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

We derive semiclassical analytical solutions for both the diagonal and off-diagonal functions in the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in a quarter-stadium quantum billiard. For a representative observable, we obtain an explicit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Yaoqi Ye , Chengkai Lin , Xiao Wang
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