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It is common practice to represent spoken languages at their phonetic level. However, for sign languages, this implies breaking motion into its constituent motion primitives. Avatar based Sign Language Production (SLP) has traditionally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Ben Saunders , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

We aim to solve the highly challenging task of generating continuous sign language videos solely from speech segments for the first time. Recent efforts in this space have focused on generating such videos from human-annotated text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Parul Kapoor , Rudrabha Mukhopadhyay , Sindhu B Hegde , Vinay Namboodiri , C V Jawahar

Sign Language Translation (SLT) aims to convert sign language (SL) videos into spoken language text, thereby bridging the communication gap between the sign and the spoken community. While most existing works focus on translating a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sihan Tan , Taro Miyazaki , Kazuhiro Nakadai

Gloss-free Sign Language Translation (SLT) converts sign videos directly into spoken language sentences without relying on glosses. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable translation performance in gloss-free methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Eui Jun Hwang , Sukmin Cho , Junmyeong Lee , Jong C. Park

Gloss-free sign language translation (SLT) aims to develop well-performing SLT systems with no requirement for the costly gloss annotations, but currently still lags behind gloss-based approaches significantly. In this paper, we identify a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jinhui Ye , Xing Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Junwei Liang , Hui Xiong

Despite recent successes with neural models for sign language translation (SLT), translation quality still lags behind spoken languages because of the data scarcity and modality gap between sign video and text. To address both problems, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Biao Zhang , Mathias Müller , Rico Sennrich

A true interpreting agent not only understands sign language and translates to text, but also understands text and translates to signs. Much of the AI work in sign language translation to date has focused mainly on translating from signs to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Tejaswini Ananthanarayana , Lipisha Chaudhary , Ifeoma Nwogu

Sign Language is the dominant yet non-primary form of communication language used in the deaf and hearing-impaired community. To make an easy and mutual communication between the hearing-impaired and the hearing communities, building a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Razieh Rastgoo , Kourosh Kiani , Sergio Escalera , Mohammad Sabokrou

Sign languages are visual languages which convey information by signers' handshape, facial expression, body movement, and so forth. Due to the inherent restriction of combinations of these visual ingredients, there exist a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Ronglai Zuo , Fangyun Wei , Brian Mak

Sign Languages (SL) serve as the primary mode of communication for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing communities. Deep learning methods for SL recognition and translation have achieved promising results. However, Sign Language Production (SLP)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Vasileios Baltatzis , Rolandos Alexandros Potamias , Evangelos Ververas , Guanxiong Sun , Jiankang Deng , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Deep learning models have improved sign language-to-text translation and made it easier for non-signers to understand signed messages. When the goal is spoken communication, a naive approach is to convert signed messages into text and then…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Toranosuke Manabe , Yuto Shibata , Shinnosuke Takamichi , Yoshimitsu Aoki

Sign Language Translation has attained considerable success recently, raising hopes for improved communication with the Deaf. A pre-processing step called tokenization improves the success of translations. Tokens can be learned from sign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Alptekin Orbay , Lale Akarun

Sign language translation (SLT), which generates text in a spoken language from visual content in a sign language, is important to assist the hard-of-hearing community for their communications. Inspired by neural machine translation (NMT),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Jichao Kan , Kun Hu , Markus Hagenbuchner , Ah Chung Tsoi , Mohammed Bennamounm , Zhiyong Wang

In this work, we propose a two-stage sign language production (SLP) paradigm that first encodes sign language sequences into discrete codes and then autoregressively generates sign language from text based on the learned codebook. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Aoxiong Yin , Haoyuan Li , Kai Shen , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Recent advancements in visual speech recognition (VSR) have promoted progress in lip-to-speech synthesis, where pre-trained VSR models enhance the intelligibility of synthesized speech by providing valuable semantic information. The success…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yifan Liang , Fangkun Liu , Andong Li , Xiaodong Li , Chengshi Zheng

While FastSpeech2 aims to integrate aspects of speech such as pitch, energy, and duration as conditional inputs, it still leaves scope for richer representations. As a part of this work, we leverage representations from various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Ramanan Sivaguru , Vasista Sai Lodagala , S Umesh

Continuously recognizing sign gestures and converting them to glosses plays a key role in bridging the gap between the hearing and hearing-impaired communities. This involves recognizing and interpreting the hands, face, and body gestures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Samuel Ebimobowei Johnny , Blessed Guda , Andrew Blayama Stephen , Assane Gueye

Prior work on Sign Language Translation has shown that having a mid-level sign gloss representation (effectively recognizing the individual signs) improves the translation performance drastically. In fact, the current state-of-the-art in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Necati Cihan Camgoz , Oscar Koller , Simon Hadfield , Richard Bowden

Large language models, with their strong reasoning ability and rich knowledge, have brought revolution to many tasks of AI, but their impact on sign language generation remains limited due to its complexity and unique rules. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zhaoyi An , Rei Kawakami

The complexity of Sign Language (SL) data processing brings many challenges. The current approach to recognition of SL signs aims to translate RGB sign language videos through pose information into Word-based ID Glosses, which serve to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sen Fang , Yalin Feng , Chunyu Sui , Hongbin Zhong , Yanxin Zhang , Hongwei Yi , Hezhen Hu , Dimitris N. Metaxas