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Stars form when filaments and dense cores in molecular clouds fragment and collapse due to self-gravity. In the most basic analyses of gravitational stability, the competition between self-gravity and thermal pressure sets the critical…
Optical properties of a prismatic transparent plate and its effects on thermal radiation heat transfer are studied. A 3D ray-tracing numerical method is used to prove the bi-transmittance property of the prismatic sheet when it is exposed…
It has recently been proved that, for constant density stars, there is a critical value $\Lambda^{*}=1$ for the dimensionless density parameter $\Lambda\equiv 4\pi R^2\rho_{\text{max}}$ of the star above which the asymptotically measured…
The discovery of high-amplitude brightness oscillations at the spin frequency or its first overtone in six neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries during type~1 X-ray bursts provides a powerful new way to constrain the compactness of these…
A polarizable body moving in an external electromagnetic field will slow down. This effect is referred to as radiation damping and is analogous to Doppler cooling in atomic physics. Using the principles of special relativity we derive an…
We derive a new interior solution for stellar compact objects in $f\mathcal{(R)}$ gravity assuming a differential relation to constrain the Ricci curvature scalar. To this aim, we consider specific forms for the radial component of the…
The Rapid Burster (MXB 1730-335) is a unique object, showing both type I and type II X-ray bursts. A type I burst of the Rapid Burster was observed with Swift/XRT on 2009 March 5, showing photospheric radius expansion for the first time in…
Cooling of neutron stars with dipole magnetic fields is simulated using a realistic model of the anisotropic surface temperature distribution produced by magnetic fields. Suppression of the electron thermal conductivity of outer stellar…
A generic feature of scalar extensions of general relativity is the coupling of the scalar degrees of freedom to the trace $T$ of the energy-momentum tensor of matter fields. Interesting phenomenology arises when the trace becomes…
In this work we investigate the effect of complexity factor on the formation of photon spheres for spherically symmetric compact objects. The complexity factor obtained from the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann curvature tensor connects…
Circumstellar disks are an essential ingredient of the formation of low-mass stars. It is unclear, however, whether the accretion-disk paradigm can also account for the formation of stars more massive than about 10 solar masses, in which…
Properties, structure, and thermal evolution of neutron stars are determined by the equation of state of stellar matter. Recent data on isospin-diffusion and isoscaling in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies as well as the size of…
Far away observers can in principle bound from below the dimensionless maximum-density parameter $\Lambda\equiv4\pi R^2\rho_{\text{max}}$ of a compact star by measuring the gravitational redshift factor…
In this paper we study the shear free spherical symmetric gravitational collapse of charged radiating star. All the physical quantities including pressure, density are regular. Energy conditions are satisfied throughout the interior of the…
Euler's equations of motion are derived exactly for a rigid, triaxial, internally frictionless neutron star spinning down electromagnetically in vacuo. It is shown that the star precesses, but not freely: its regular precession relative to…
The homogeneity of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CBR) is one of the most severe constraint for theories of the structure formation in the universe. We investigated the effect of the gravitational scattering (lensing) of…
The atmospheres of planets (including Earth) and the outer layers of stars have often been treated in radiative transfer as plane-parallel media, instead of spherical shells, which can lead to inaccuracy, e.g. limb darkening. We give an…
As increasingly precise information about the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background fluctuations is gathered with balloon and satellite experiments, interest has grown in foreground sources of opacity affecting these observations. One…
Generalizing to relativistic exponential scaling and using the theory of noise from quantum fluctuations, it has been shown that one vacuum (Rindler, Hartle-Hawking, or Gibbons-Hawking for the cases of the uniformly accelerated detector,…
Objects at finite temperature emit thermal radiation with an outward energy-momentum flow, which exerts an outward radiation pressure. At room temperature, a cesium atom scatters on average less than one of these blackbody radiation photons…